How to implement serialization and deserialization of template classes and template functions?

Serialization and deserialization of template classes and template functions can be achieved in a variety of ways, including using binary archives, own serialization, function pointers, and function objects. Use binary archiving to write/read template classes directly to files, and own serialization to define custom serialization/deserialization methods. For template functions, they can be serialized/deserialized using function pointers or function objects.

How to implement serialization and deserialization of template classes and template functions

In C, template classes and template functions are widely used in generic programming . The ability to serialize and deserialize these template instances is critical if they need to be transmitted or persisted across the network or storage. This article introduces several ways to implement serialization and deserialization of template classes and template functions.

Serialization template class

1. Use Binary Archives

// 写入归档
std::ofstream ofs("template_class.bin");
boost::archive::binary_oarchive oa(ofs);
oa << my_template_class<int, std::string>;

// 读取归档
std::ifstream ifs("template_class.bin");
boost::archive::binary_iarchive ia(ifs);
std::pair<int, std::string> my_deserialized_class;
ia >> my_deserialized_class;

2. Use your own serialization

// 定义一个序列化方法
template <typename T1, typename T2>
void serialize(const my_template_class<T1, T2>& obj, std::ostream& out) {
  out.write((char*)&obj.first, sizeof(T1));
  out.write((char*)&obj.second, sizeof(T2));
}

// 定义一个反序列化方法
template <typename T1, typename T2>
void deserialize(my_template_class<T1, T2>& obj, std::istream& in) {
  in.read((char*)&obj.first, sizeof(T1));
  in.read((char*)&obj.second, sizeof(T2));
}

Serialization template function

1. Use function pointers

// 定义一个模板函数
template <typename T>
T square(T x) {
  return x * x;
}

// 定义一个序列化方法
void* serialize_function(void* function) {
  return function;
}

// 定义一个反序列化方法
void* deserialize_function(void* function) {
  return function;
}

2. Use function objects (Functor)

// 定义一个函数对象
struct Square {
  template <typename T>
  T operator()(T x) {
    return x * x;
  }
};

// 定义一个序列化方法
void serialize_function(const Square& obj, std::ostream& out) {
  // 这里可以根据实际情况添加更多数据
  out.write((char*)&obj, sizeof(Square));
}

// 定义一个反序列化方法
void deserialize_function(Square& obj, std::istream& in) {
  // 这里可以根据实际情况读入更多数据
  in.read((char*)&obj, sizeof(Square));
}

Practical case

The following is a binary archive serialization and Deserializing std::pair Example of template class:

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <boost/archive/binary_oarchive.hpp>
#include <boost/archive/binary_iarchive.hpp>

using namespace std;

int main() {
  // 创建一个 std::pair 模板实例
  pair<int, string> my_pair = make_pair(10, "Hello World");

  // 写入归档
  ofstream ofs("pair.bin");
  boost::archive::binary_oarchive oa(ofs);
  oa << my_pair;

  // 从归档中恢复
  ifstream ifs("pair.bin");
  boost::archive::binary_iarchive ia(ifs);
  pair<int, string> my_deserialized_pair;
  ia >> my_deserialized_pair;

  // 输出恢复后的数据
  cout << my_deserialized_pair.first << " " << my_deserialized_pair.second << endl;

  return 0;
}

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