Reasons for garbled characters in tomcat

Causes of Tomcat garbled characters: 1. Character set mismatch; 2. HTTP response header is not set correctly; 3. Filter or encoder configuration error; 4. Web page encoding is incorrect; 5. Other reasons (including server client language, database encoding, and proxy server issues).

Causes of Tomcat garbled characters

Tomcat garbled characters are usually caused by the following reasons:

Character set mismatch

• The client and server use different character sets, causing characters to be interpreted incorrectly.
• The most common character set mismatch is when the client uses UTF-8 and the server uses ISO-8859-1.

HTTP response header is not set correctly

• The HTTP response header is missing or incorrect "Content-Type" header, the header Specifies the character set of the response.
• The correct "Content-Type" header should contain character set information, for example: "Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8".

Filter or encoder configuration error

• The configured filter or encoder may interfere with the character set, resulting in garbled characters.
• Check that any filters or encoders you are using are configured correctly.

Incorrect web page encoding

• The web page may use an incorrect character set encoding, causing the browser to interpret it incorrectly.
• Make sure the web page uses the correct character set, such as UTF-8 or ISO-8859-1.

Other reasons

• Server-side language issues: For example, the character set is not set correctly in the Java code.
• Database encoding issues: Data retrieved from the database may use a different character set than the server.
• Proxy server problem: The way the proxy server handles character sets may cause garbled characters.

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