Node.js interacts with the frontend via HTTP request/response, WebSocket, and Socket.IO: Set up a Node.js server and define routes. The front end sends HTTP requests or establishes connections using WebSocket or Socket.IO. The Node.js server handles the request and returns a response or sends data over a live connection.
Node.js Interaction with the front-end
Node.js is a method for building server-side applications JavaScript runtime environment. It can interact with front-end technologies such as HTML, CSS, and JavaScript to provide dynamic and interactive web applications.
Interaction methods
Interaction between Node.js and the front-end can be carried out in the following ways:
- HTTP request/response: Node.js servers can handle HTTP requests from browsers or other clients and return HTML, JSON, or other types of responses.
- WebSocket: WebSocket is a two-way real-time communication protocol that allows a Node.js server to establish a persistent connection with a front-end for real-time transfer of data.
- Socket.IO: Socket.IO is a WebSocket library that simplifies real-time communication between Node.js and frontends. It also provides advanced features such as event handling and message namespaces.
Implementation steps
1. Create server:
const express = require('express'); const app = express(); const server = app.listen(3000);
2. Define route:
app.get('/', (req, res) => { res.send('Hello from Node.js!'); });
3. Handle front-end requests:
app.post('/submit-form', (req, res) => { const data = req.body; // 处理表单数据... });
4. Use WebSocket:
const WebSocket = require('ws'); const wss = new WebSocket.Server({ server }); wss.on('connection', (ws) => { // 与客户端建立 WebSocket 连接... });
5 . Using Socket.IO:
const socketIO = require('socket.io'); const io = socketIO(server); io.on('connection', (socket) => { // 与客户端建立 Socket.IO 连接... });
Front-end code example:
// 发送 HTTP 请求 fetch('/submit-form', { method: 'POST', body: JSON.stringify({ name: 'John' }), }) .then((res) => res.json()) .then((data) => console.log(data)); // 建立 WebSocket 连接 const socket = new WebSocket('ws://localhost:3000'); socket.onopen = () => console.log('Connected to WebSocket'); // 使用 Socket.IO const socket = io(); socket.on('connect', () => console.log('Connected to Socket.IO'));
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