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HomeBackend DevelopmentC++How does the C++ function library perform regular expression matching?

C++ regex 库提供了一种机制来处理正则表达式:创建 regex 对象来表示正则表达式模式。使用 regex_match 匹配整个字符串。使用 regex_search 匹配字符串中的第一个子串。使用 regex_replace 用替换字符串替换匹配的子串。

C++ 函数库如何进行正则表达式匹配?

使用 C++ 函数库进行正则表达式匹配

引言

正则表达式是一种强大且通用的模式匹配机制,可用于从文本中搜索和提取特定模式。C++ 标准函数库提供了一组称为 regular expressions(regex)库的函数,可用于处理正则表达式。

regex 库

regex 库包含以下关键类和函数:

  • regex: 表示正则表达式模式。
  • regex_match: 匹配整个字符串。
  • regex_search: 匹配字符串中第一个子串。
  • regex_replace: 用替换字符串替换匹配的子串。

使用示例

下面是一个用 regex 库匹配正则表达式的代码示例:

#include <regex>
#include <iostream>

int main() {
  // 要匹配的字符串
  std::string text = "abcdefghi";

  // 匹配包含字母 "b" 的子串
  std::regex re("[a-z]*b[a-z]*");

  // 使用 regex_search 匹配 text
  std::smatch m;
  if (regex_search(text, m, re)) {
    std::cout << "匹配成功: " << m.str() << std::endl;
  } else {
    std::cout << "匹配失败" << std::endl;
  }

  return 0;
}

实战案例:验证电子邮件地址

以下示例演示了如何使用 regex 库来验证电子邮件地址:

#include <regex>
#include <iostream>

int main() {
  // 电子邮件地址模式
  std::regex re("^[\\w\\.-]+@([\\w\\-]+\\.)+[\\w\\-]+$");

  // 用户输入的电子邮件地址
  std::string email;
  std::cout << "请输入电子邮件地址:";
  std::cin >> email;

  // 使用 regex_match 验证电子邮件地址
  if (regex_match(email, re)) {
    std::cout << "电子邮件地址有效" << std::endl;
  } else {
    std::cout << "电子邮件地址无效" << std::endl;
  }

  return 0;
}

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