How does the C++ function library perform memory management?

In C, memory management is the responsibility of the programmer. The function library provides many tools, including: std::make_unique and std::make_shared: create smart pointers and automatically release memory. std::vector and std::array: container classes that dynamically allocate and release memory. std::allocator: a universal container for custom memory allocation strategies.

Memory Management in C Library

Memory management is crucial in C because the programmer is responsible for allocation and deallocation Dynamically allocated memory. Function libraries provide valuable tools when managing memory, helping to increase efficiency and reduce the risk of memory leaks.

std::make_unique and std::make_shared

std::make_unique and std::make_shared functions are used By creating a smart pointer, ownership is automatically managed by the pointer. The new operator only allocates memory. Smart pointers automatically release memory when an object exceeds its scope to prevent memory leaks.

// 使用 std::make_unique 分配一个 unique_ptr
std::unique_ptr<int> ptr1 = std::make_unique<int>(42);

// 使用 std::make_shared 分配一个 shared_ptr
std::shared_ptr<int> ptr2 = std::make_shared<int>(42);

std::vector and std::array

##std::vector and std::array are Container class that can dynamically allocate and release memory. std::vector is a dynamically sized array, while std::array is a fixed-size array. Both release their memory automatically, eliminating the need to manually call delete.

// 使用 std::vector 动态分配数组
std::vector<int> vec;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
  vec.push_back(i);
}

// 使用 std::array 固定大小的数组
std::array<int, 10> arr;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
  arr[i] = i;
}

std::allocator

std::allocator is used to allocate and release memory. It is a general-purpose container that can be used with various container classes, such as std::vector. Use std::allocator to specify a memory allocation strategy, such as a custom memory pool or a custom release function.

// 使用 std::allocator 创建自定义分配器
std::allocator<int> my_alloc;

// 使用 my_alloc 创建 std::vector
std::vector<int, std::allocator<int>> vec(my_alloc);

Practical Case

Consider a game development application where the player's position is represented by the

Player class. This class stores the location coordinates and allocates and frees memory to update the coordinates as the player moves.

// 使用 std::make_unique 创建 Player 对象
std::unique_ptr<Player> player = std::make_unique<Player>();

// 更新玩家坐标
player->move(10, 20);

// 销毁 Player 对象会自动释放内存
player.reset();

Use

std::make_unique to ensure that memory is released when the player object goes out of scope, preventing memory leaks and simplifying memory management.

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