What are the encryption algorithms commonly used in Java security mechanisms?

The following encryption algorithms are included in the Java security mechanism: Symmetric key encryption: AES and DES (for encryption and decryption) Asymmetric key encryption: RSA and DSA (for encryption, signature and key exchange) Hash algorithm : MD5 and SHA (for message integrity and authentication)

Encryption Algorithm in Java Security Mechanism

Encryption Algorithm Critical among Java security mechanisms, they ensure that data remains secure and confidential during transmission and storage. Java provides various encryption algorithms to meet different security needs.

Commonly used encryption algorithms

• Symmetric key encryption: Use the same key for encryption and decryption. Common algorithms are:

  • AES (Advanced Encryption Standard): an advanced block cipher with high security.
  • DES (Data Encryption Standard): An older block cipher, but still used in some applications.

• Asymmetric key encryption: Use a pair of keys (public key and private key) for encryption and decryption. Common algorithms are:

  • RSA (Rivest-Shamir-Adleman): A secure public key algorithm used for signature, encryption and key exchange.
  • DSA (Digital Signature Algorithm): A secure digital signature algorithm used to verify the integrity and authenticity of messages.

• Hash algorithm: Generates a unique digest of a data block, used for message integrity and authentication. Common algorithms are:

  • MD5 (Message Digest 5): An older hashing algorithm that is less secure.
  • SHA (Secure Hash Algorithm): A secure and widely used hashing algorithm that comes in different variants such as SHA-1, SHA-256, and SHA-512.

Practical case

To demonstrate the use of these algorithms, we create a Java program to encrypt a piece of text:

import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.spec.SecretKeySpec;
import java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets;
import java.security.MessageDigest;

public class EncryptionExample {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
        // 明文文本
        String plaintext = "Hello, Java!";

        // 设置对称密钥（示例：16 个字节的 AES 密钥）
        byte[] key = "mySecret16ByteKey".getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8);

        // 创建 AES 加密器
        Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance("AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding");
        cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, new SecretKeySpec(key, "AES"));

        // 加密文本
        byte[] ciphertext = cipher.doFinal(plaintext.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8));

        // 将密文转换为十六进制字符串
        String encryptedText = toHexString(ciphertext);

        // 打印密文
        System.out.println("密文：" + encryptedText);
    }

    private static String toHexString(byte[] bytes) {
        StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
        for (byte b : bytes) {
            sb.append(String.format("%02X ", b));
        }
        return sb.toString().trim();
    }
}

Running this program will print the encrypted text.

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