Best practices for C++ function exception handling

Exception handling is an error handling mechanism in C, implemented through try-catch blocks. When throwing exceptions, use the throw keyword and throw domain-specific exceptions. Best practices include: 1. Use exceptions only when necessary; 2. Throw domain-specific exceptions; 3. Provide meaningful error messages; 4. Use noexcept to specify functions that do not throw exceptions; 5. Use smart pointers Or RAII technology to avoid memory leaks.

C Function Exception Handling: Best Practices

Exception handling is a mechanism in C to catch and handle runtime errors . It makes your program more robust by throwing and catching exceptions to easily handle errors.

try-catch blocks

In C, exception handling is implemented through try-catch blocks. The try block contains code that may throw an exception, and the catch block contains code for catching and handling exceptions.

try {
  // 可能引发异常的代码
} catch (const std::exception& e) {
  // 捕获和处理异常
}

Throw exception

To throw an exception, you can use the throw keyword. Any type of value can be thrown, but exception classes are usually used. For example:

throw std::runtime_error("错误信息");

Practical case: Open a file

Consider a function that opens a file. If the file does not exist, it should throw an exception.

class FileOpenError : public std::exception {
  // 文件打开错误异常类
};

bool openFile(const std::string& filename) {
  std::ifstream file(filename);
  if (!file.is_open()) {
    throw FileOpenError();
  }

  // 其余的文件操作代码
  return true;
}

When using the openFile function, you can catch the FileOpenError exception in the try-catch block:

try {
  openFile("不存在的文件");
} catch (const FileOpenError& e) {
  std::cout << "文件无法打开。" << std::endl;
}

Best Practices

The following are some best practices for function exception handling:

• Minimize the use of exceptions and only use them when necessary.
• Throw domain-specific exceptions for easier troubleshooting.
• Provide meaningful error information in exception handlers.
• Use the noexcept keyword to specify a function that is guaranteed not to throw an exception.
• Consider using smart pointers or RAII (resource acquisition is initialization) technology to automatically release resources to avoid memory leaks.

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