What are the synchronization mechanisms in Golang function concurrent programming?

In Go's concurrent programming, synchronization mechanism is the key to ensuring the integrity of shared data. It provides a variety of built-in types, including: Mutex (Mutex): provides exclusive access to shared data; read-write lock: allows multiple goroutines to read at the same time but only one goroutine can write data; condition variables: used for Coordinate waiting and waking up among goroutines.

Synchronization mechanism in Go function concurrent programming

In Go's concurrent programming, when multiple goroutines (Golang in When lightweight threads) operate shared data simultaneously, a synchronization mechanism is needed to ensure data integrity. Go provides a variety of built-in synchronization types for coordinating goroutine access.

1. Mutex

Mutex (mutex lock) is the most basic synchronization mechanism, which provides exclusive access to shared data. Only one goroutine can hold the mutex at a time, ensuring atomic operations on shared data.

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
)

func main() {
    var count int
    var mu sync.Mutex

    for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
        go func(i int) {
            mu.Lock()
            count++
            mu.Unlock()
        }(i)
    }

    fmt.Println("Count:", count) // 输出：1000
}

2. Read-write lock

Read-write lock is an advanced synchronization mechanism that allows multiple goroutines to read shared data at the same time, but only one There is a goroutine that writes shared data. This improves concurrency performance while ensuring data integrity.

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
)

func main() {
    var count int
    var rw sync.RWMutex

    for i := 0; i < 1000; i++ {
        go func(i int) {
            rw.RLock()
            fmt.Println("Reading:", count)
            rw.RUnlock()
        }(i)

        go func(i int) {
            rw.Lock()
            count++
            fmt.Println("Writing:", count)
            rw.Unlock()
        }(i)
    }
}

3. Condition variable

Condition variable (cond) is used to coordinate waiting and waking up between goroutines. When a goroutine meets a specific condition, it can wake up goroutines waiting for that condition.

import (
    "fmt"
    "sync"
)

func main() {
    var cond sync.Cond
    var signal bool

    sync.Mutex.Lock(&l)
    for !signal {
        cond.Wait(&l)
    }
    // ... 执行需要信号的代码 ...
    sync.Mutex.Unlock(&l)
}

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