Go 泛型是一种特性,通过参数化类型,使代码可重用,包括:类型安全的集合:可创建存储不同类型元素的集合。通用的比较函数:可比较任何实现了 comparable 接口的类型。
Go 泛型:扩展函数可重用性的利器
简介
在 Go 1.18 版本中引入的泛型是一种强大的特性,它允许开发者创建可重用代码,而不必为不同的类型重复编写函数。这使得编写清晰、可维护的代码变得更加容易。
语法
Go 泛型使用尖括号 声明类型参数。例如:
func Max[T any](a, b T) T { if a > b { return a } return b }
在这种情况下,T
是一个类型参数,可以是任何类型。Max
函数将返回 a
和 b
中较大者。
实战案例
1. 类型安全的集合
泛型可以使用户创建类型安全的集合,可以存储不同类型的元素。以下示例创建了一个类型化切片:
type StringSlice []string func (s StringSlice) Add(item string) { s = append(s, item) }
现在,我们可以使用这个切片来存储字符串,而不用担心类型转换错误:
func main() { var names StringSlice names.Add("Alice") names.Add("Bob") }
2. 通用的比较函数
泛型可用于编写通用的比较函数,可以对任意类型的两个元素进行比较:
func Equal[T comparable](a, b T) bool { return a == b }
此函数可以用于比较任何实现了 comparable
接口的类型。例如:
fmt.Println(Equal(1, 2)) fmt.Println(Equal("foo", "bar"))
结论
Go 泛型是一种强大的特性,它允许开发者创建可重用且易于维护的代码。通过参数化类型,泛型使函数和类型更加通用,并有助于消除重复代码。
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