Go泛型通过引入类型参数化改变了函数类型推断:参数类型:[]A,其中A是满足number接口的实际类型参数,在调用时具体化。返回值类型:与参数类型相同,推断为A。
Go 泛型如何影响函数类型推断
Go 语言中的泛型引入了一种新的类型推断机制,它影响着函数类型推断的方式。了解这些变化对于正确使用 Go 泛型非常重要。
传统类型推断
在 Go 泛型之前,函数类型推断是基于上下文中的类型信息。例如,以下函数:
func SumNumbers(numbers []int) int { sum := 0 for _, number := range numbers { sum += number } return sum }
会推断出 SumNumbers
的参数类型为 []int
,返回值类型为 int
。这是因为 range
语句中的 number
变量具有类型 int
,而 sum
变量是类型的 int
。
泛型中的类型推断
Go 泛型引入了一层额外的类型参数化,这改变了函数类型推断的方式。考虑以下泛型函数:
func Sum[T number](numbers []T) T { sum := zero[T]() for _, number := range numbers { sum += number } return sum }
现在,Sum
函数具有一个类型参数 T
,指示类型 T
应该是数字类型,也就是说,它必须实现 number
接口。在这种情况下,函数类型推断如下:
- 函数参数类型:
[]A
,其中A
是满足number
接口的实际类型参数(在调用时具体化)。 - 函数返回值类型:
A
,与函数参数类型相同。
实战案例
以下是使用 Sum
泛型函数的示例:
// 求和整型数组 sum := Sum([]int{1, 2, 3}) // 推断 T 为 int // 求和浮点型数组 sumF := Sum([]float64{1.2, 2.3, 3.4}) // 推断 T 为 float64
正如你所看到的,Sum
泛型函数可以根据调用时的实际类型参数进行类型推断。
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