mysql管理工具
1).mysqlimport的语法介绍:
mysqlimport位于mysql/bin目录中,是mysql的一个载入(或者说导入)数据的一个非常有效的工具。这是一个命令行工具。有两个参数以及大量的选项可供选择。这个工具把一个文本文件(text file)导入到你指定的数据库和表中。比方说我们要从文件Customers.txt中把数据导入到数据库Meet_A_Geek中的表Custermers中:
mysqlimport Meet_A_Geek Customers.txt
注意:这里Customers.txt是我们要导入数据的文本文件, 而Meet_A_Geek是我们要操作的数据库,
数据库中的表名是Customers,这里文本文件的数据格式必须与Customers表中的记录格式一致,否则mysqlimport命令将会出错。 其中表的名字是导入文件的第一个句号(.)前面文件字符串,另外一个例子:
mysqlimport Meet_A_Geek Cus.to.mers.txt
那么我们将把文件中的内容导入到数据库Meet_A_Geek 中的Cus表中。
上面的例子中,都只用到两个参数,并没有用到更多的选项,下面介绍mysqlimport的选项
2).mysqlimport的常用选项介绍:
选项 功能
-d or --delete 新数据导入数据表中之前删除数据数据表中的所有信息
-f or --force 不管是否遇到错误,mysqlimport将强制继续插入数据
-i or --ignore mysqlimport跳过或者忽略那些有相同唯一关键字的行, 导入文件中的数据将被忽略。
-l or -lock-tables 数据被插入之前锁住表,这样就防止了, 你在更新数据库时,用户的查询和更新受到影响。
-r or -replace 这个选项与-i选项的作用相反;此选项将替代表中有相同唯一关键字的记录。
--fields-enclosed- by= char
指定文本文件中数据的记录时以什么括起的, 很多情况下数据以双引号括起。 默认的情况下数据是没有被字符括起的。
--fields-terminated- by=char
指定各个数据的值之间的分隔符,在句号分隔的文件中,分隔符是句号。您可以用此选项指定数据之间的分隔符。默认的分隔符是跳格符(Tab)
--lines-terminated- by=str
此选项指定文本文件中行与行之间数据的分隔字符串 或者字符。 默认的情况下mysqlimport以newline为行分隔符。 您可以选择用一个字符串来替代一个单个的字符: 一个新行或者一个回车。
mysqlimport命令常用的选项还有-v 显示版本(version), -p 提示输入密码(password)等。
3).例子:导入一个以逗号为分隔符的文件
文件中行的记录格式是这样的:
"1", "ORD89876", "1 Dozen Roses", "19991226"
我们的任务是要把这个文件里面的数据导入到数据库Meet_A_Geek中的表格Orders中, 我们使用这个命令:
bin/mysqlimport –prl –fields-enclosed-by=" –fields-terminated-by=, Meet_A_Geek Orders.txt
这个命令可能看起来很不爽,不过当你熟悉了之后,这是非常简单的。第一部分,bin/mysqlimport ,告诉操作系统你要运行的命令是mysql/bin目录下的mysqlimport,选项p是要求输入密码,这样就要求你在改动数据库之前输入密码,操作起来会更安全。 我们用了r选项是因为我们想要把表中的唯一关键字与文件记录中有重复唯一关键字的记录替换成文件中的数据。我们表单中的数据不是最新的,需要用文件中的数据去更新,因而就用r这个选项,替代数据库中已经有的记录。l选项的作用是在我们插入数据的时候锁住表,这样就阻止了用户在我们更新表的时候对表进行查询或者更改的操作。

InnoDB uses redologs and undologs to ensure data consistency and reliability. 1.redologs record data page modification to ensure crash recovery and transaction persistence. 2.undologs records the original data value and supports transaction rollback and MVCC.

Key metrics for EXPLAIN commands include type, key, rows, and Extra. 1) The type reflects the access type of the query. The higher the value, the higher the efficiency, such as const is better than ALL. 2) The key displays the index used, and NULL indicates no index. 3) rows estimates the number of scanned rows, affecting query performance. 4) Extra provides additional information, such as Usingfilesort prompts that it needs to be optimized.

Usingtemporary indicates that the need to create temporary tables in MySQL queries, which are commonly found in ORDERBY using DISTINCT, GROUPBY, or non-indexed columns. You can avoid the occurrence of indexes and rewrite queries and improve query performance. Specifically, when Usingtemporary appears in EXPLAIN output, it means that MySQL needs to create temporary tables to handle queries. This usually occurs when: 1) deduplication or grouping when using DISTINCT or GROUPBY; 2) sort when ORDERBY contains non-index columns; 3) use complex subquery or join operations. Optimization methods include: 1) ORDERBY and GROUPB

MySQL/InnoDB supports four transaction isolation levels: ReadUncommitted, ReadCommitted, RepeatableRead and Serializable. 1.ReadUncommitted allows reading of uncommitted data, which may cause dirty reading. 2. ReadCommitted avoids dirty reading, but non-repeatable reading may occur. 3.RepeatableRead is the default level, avoiding dirty reading and non-repeatable reading, but phantom reading may occur. 4. Serializable avoids all concurrency problems but reduces concurrency. Choosing the appropriate isolation level requires balancing data consistency and performance requirements.

MySQL is suitable for web applications and content management systems and is popular for its open source, high performance and ease of use. 1) Compared with PostgreSQL, MySQL performs better in simple queries and high concurrent read operations. 2) Compared with Oracle, MySQL is more popular among small and medium-sized enterprises because of its open source and low cost. 3) Compared with Microsoft SQL Server, MySQL is more suitable for cross-platform applications. 4) Unlike MongoDB, MySQL is more suitable for structured data and transaction processing.

MySQL index cardinality has a significant impact on query performance: 1. High cardinality index can more effectively narrow the data range and improve query efficiency; 2. Low cardinality index may lead to full table scanning and reduce query performance; 3. In joint index, high cardinality sequences should be placed in front to optimize query.

The MySQL learning path includes basic knowledge, core concepts, usage examples, and optimization techniques. 1) Understand basic concepts such as tables, rows, columns, and SQL queries. 2) Learn the definition, working principles and advantages of MySQL. 3) Master basic CRUD operations and advanced usage, such as indexes and stored procedures. 4) Familiar with common error debugging and performance optimization suggestions, such as rational use of indexes and optimization queries. Through these steps, you will have a full grasp of the use and optimization of MySQL.

MySQL's real-world applications include basic database design and complex query optimization. 1) Basic usage: used to store and manage user data, such as inserting, querying, updating and deleting user information. 2) Advanced usage: Handle complex business logic, such as order and inventory management of e-commerce platforms. 3) Performance optimization: Improve performance by rationally using indexes, partition tables and query caches.


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