Collaboration between C++ function templates and inheritance?

Functional template inheritance allows us to create new templates from existing templates by specifying the template name as a base class. Combined with inheritance, it provides the advantages of code reuse, flexibility, extensibility, and more.

C Collaborative relationship between function template and inheritance

Introduction

Function template Allows us to create functions with the same behavior for different types. Inheritance allows us to derive new classes from a base class that share the characteristics of the base class and add new functionality. Combining these two powerful mechanisms creates flexible and reusable code.

Function Template Inheritance

We can create new function templates from existing function templates through inheritance. Just specify the name of the function template as a base class. For example:

template<typename T>
void print_element(T element) {
  std::cout << element << std::endl;
}

// 从 print_element 继承的新函数模板
template<typename T>
void print_list(T list) {
  for (auto element : list) {
    print_element(element);
  }
}

Practical case

Let us create a class to represent a list of integers:

class IntegerList {
public:
  IntegerList(int size) {
    list = new int[size];
  }

  ~IntegerList() {
    delete[] list;
  }

  void add(int element) {
    list[size++] = element;
  }

private:
  int* list;
  int size = 0;
};

Now, we can use function template inheritance to Create a function that prints a list of integers:

// 从 print_element 继承的函数模板
template<typename T>
void print_list(T list) {
  for (auto element : list) {
    print_element(element);
  }
}

We can pass in the IntegerList object as a parameter and call the print_list function:

IntegerList myList(5);
myList.add(1);
myList.add(2);
myList.add(3);

print_list(myList);  // 输出：1 2 3

Advantages

• Code reuse: Function template inheritance allows us to reuse existing code without having to rewrite it.
• Flexibility: It enables us to create generic functions that work across a variety of types.
• Extensibility: We can easily extend the code to support new types without modifying existing functions.

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