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Testing functions in Golang: Create a test file ending with _test.go. Declare a test function named TestXXX, where XXX is the name of the function under test. Use assertions to verify that expected results match actual results. Set breakpoints and use the debugger to debug test failures. Use table-driven testing and coverage tools to enhance testing efficiency.
Testing and Debugging of Golang Functions
In Golang, testing is an important practice to ensure the reliability and accuracy of the code. This tutorial will guide you on how to use Golang's built-in testing framework to test and debug functions.
Test Function
To test a function, you need to create a new file ending with _test.go
. This file is located in the same package as the function under test. In the test file, declare a test function using the TestXXX
function of the testing
package, where XXX
is the name of the function under test. For example:
// my_function_test.go package mypackage import ( "testing" ) func TestAdd(t *testing.T) { // ... }
Assertion
In the test function, use assertions to verify whether the expected results are consistent with the actual results. testing
The package provides a variety of assertion functions, such as:
t.Equal(a, b)
: Verify a
and b
Is it equalt.ErrorIs(err, expectedError)
: Verify whether err
and expectedError
are the same errort.True(cond)
: Verify that cond
is true
Actual case
Suppose you have a function called add
that takes two numeric arguments and returns their sum. You can write the following test function to test the add
function:
// my_function_test.go import ( "testing" ) func TestAdd(t *testing.T) { tests := []struct { a, b int want int }{ {1, 2, 3}, {3, 4, 7}, {-1, -2, -3}, } for _, tt := range tests { got := add(tt.a, tt.b) if got != tt.want { t.Errorf("add(%d, %d) = %d, want %d", tt.a, tt.b, got, tt.want) } } }
Debug
For debug test failure, you can pass in the source code Set breakpoints to use the debugger. In IDEs like VSCode, you can set a breakpoint by right-clicking on a line in the code and selecting "Set/Remove Breakpoint." When code is run in the debugger, it will pause at breakpoints, allowing you to inspect variables and stack traces.
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