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HomeBackend DevelopmentPHP TutorialHow is the parameter passing method of PHP functions used in unit testing?

在 PHP 单元测试中,参数传递方式至关重要。按值传递确保函数不更改外部变量;按引用传递允许函数修改外部变量;按默认传递使用函数定义中的默认值。实际案例中,按值传递确保函数不会更改外部变量,而按引用传递允许函数修改外部变量。

PHP 函数的参数传递方式如何在单元测试中使用?

PHP函数参数传递方式在单元测试中的应用

在PHP中,函数参数可以通过三种方式传递:

  • 按值传递(pass by value):将参数的值复制到函数内部。
  • 按引用传递(pass by reference):将参数的引用传递到函数内部,对参数的修改也会影响函数外部的变量。
  • 按默认传递(pass by default):使用函数定义中的默认值,如果未提供参数,则使用默认值。

在单元测试中,函数参数传递方式的选择至关重要。

按值传递

當您需要確保函數不改變函數外部的變數時,按值傳遞是理想選擇。例如:

function square($x) {
    return $x * $x;
}

// 單元測試
$x = 5;
$result = square($x);
assertEquals(25, $result);
// 驗證函數沒有改變 $x
assertEquals(5, $x);
  

按引用传递

當您需要函數修改函數外部的變數時,按引用傳遞很有用。例如:

function swap(&$a, &$b) {
    $temp = $a;
    $a = $b;
    $b = $temp;
}

// 單元測試
$a = 1;
$b = 2;
swap($a, $b);
assertEquals(2, $a);
assertEquals(1, $b);
  

按默认传递

當您希望使用默認值並允許函數根據需要進行調整時,按默認傳遞會很有用。例如:

function formatCurrency($amount, $currency = '$') {
    return $currency . $amount;
}

// 單元測試
$amount = 100;
$result = formatCurrency($amount);
assertEquals('$100', $result);
  

实战案例

考虑一个函数,它需要计算两个数字的总和:

function sum($a, $b) {
    return $a + $b;
}
  

按值传递的单元测试:

// 單元測試
$a = 1;
$b = 2;
$result = sum($a, $b);
assertEquals(3, $result);
// 驗證函數沒有改變 $a 和 $b
assertEquals(1, $a);
assertEquals(2, $b);
  

按引用传递的单元测试:

// 單元測試
$a = 1;
$b = 2;
sum($a, $b);
assertEquals(3, $a); // 函數修改了 $a
assertEquals(2, $b);
  

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