Using Golang interface types to implement parameter polymorphism

Using Go language interface types can achieve parameter polymorphism, so that functions or methods can accept different types of parameters that implement the same interface, such as the function CalculateArea that calculates the areas of different shapes in the example. In practical applications, interface types can enhance function flexibility, achieve polymorphic behavior and create extensible frameworks, such as interface definitions for different storage backends in the persistence framework.

Use Go language interface type to implement parameter polymorphism

Interface type is a powerful tool that allows programs to A member defines a set of methods, and any type that implements these methods can be considered an interface type. This mechanism allows us to pass parameters of different types to a function or method, but the function or method will only call the common methods implemented by these types.

Code Example

The following code shows how to use interface types to pass different types of parameters in functions or methods:

package main

import "fmt"

// 定义接口类型
type Shape interface {
    Area() float64
}

// 定义矩形类型
type Rectangle struct {
    Width, Height float64
}

// 实现 Shape 接口中的方法
func (r Rectangle) Area() float64 {
    return r.Width * r.Height
}

// 定义圆形类型
type Circle struct {
    Radius float64
}

// 实现 Shape 接口中的方法
func (c Circle) Area() float64 {
    return math.Pi * c.Radius * c.Radius
}

// 计算不同形状的面积
func CalculateArea(s Shape) float64 {
    return s.Area()
}

func main() {
    // 创建一个矩形和一个圆形
    r := Rectangle{Width: 5, Height: 10}
    c := Circle{Radius: 5}

    // 计算矩形和圆形的面积
    fmt.Println("矩形的面积：", CalculateArea(r))
    fmt.Println("圆形的面积：", CalculateArea(c))
}

Practical Case

In practical applications, interface types can be used to implement the following functions:

• Allows different types of parameters to be passed in, thereby improving the flexibility of the function or method sex.
• Call specific methods according to different types to achieve polymorphic behavior.
• Create an extensible framework that allows new types and implementations to be easily added.

For example, in the persistence framework, we can define a storage interface to represent different storage backends (such as relational databases, NoSQL databases, etc.), and then use this interface to perform CRUD (create , read, update, delete) operations. This way we can write code for different storage backends without changing the framework itself.

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