The difference and application scenarios between List and Array in Java collection framework

List and Array are two data structures in the Java collection framework, each with its own characteristics: Size: Array has a fixed size, and List has a variable size. Speed: Array is generally faster than List because of direct access to memory. Element type: Array must store elements of the same type, while List can store elements of different types. Flexibility and operations: Array has limited flexibility, but basic operations are faster; List is flexible and supports insertion, deletion, and update. Application scenarios: Array is suitable for situations where a fixed size is required and performance is critical, while List is suitable for situations where the collection size needs to be changed or advanced operations need to be performed.

List and Array in Java Collection Framework

The Java Collection Framework provides a wide range of collection types, including List and Array. Understanding their differences is critical to effectively managing data in your application.

Array

• is a fixed-length sequential collection that stores elements of the same type.
• Elements are accessed using zero-based indexing.
• Once created, its size cannot be changed.
• Generally faster than other collections due to direct memory access.

Code example:

int[] arr = new int[5];
arr[0] = 10;
arr[1] = 20;

List

• is a variable-sized ordered collection .
• Allows insertion, deletion and update of elements.
• Supports traversal and random access to elements.
• More flexible than Array, but generally slower than Array because of the need for indirect memory access.

Code example:

List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
list.add("Item 1");
list.add("Item 2");

Difference

Fixed sizeVariable sizeUsually faster Usually slowermust be of the same typecan be of different typesLimitedFlexibleBasic operations (access, assignment)Insertion, deletion, update

Properties	Array	List
# #size
Speed
Element type
Flexibility
Operation

Application scenarios

Array:

When a fixed-size collection of elements is required and performance is critical.
• For example, store an array of numbers of known length.

List:

When the collection size needs to be changed or elements updated.
• For example, for managing a changing shopping list.
• When you need to support advanced operations (such as sorting, filtering).

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