Cookieservlet
本文介绍了Java Servlet编程所需的软件及环境配置。只要你有一台安装Windows 95/98了的PC机,便可以按照本文的步骤开发Servlet程序了。本文同时给出了通过Java Servlet向用户的硬盘写入和读取Cookie的方法及例程。通过它可以实现网上常见的个性化网页、网上购物篮、密码验证等。
Java Servlet是运行于Web服务器上的Java代码,它可以接受用户请求,进行相应的处理,并向用户提供反馈。其作用类似于CGI程序,可以实现网页中很多交互式效果,但比CGI程序效率更高。Cookies是用户访问Web服务器时由Web服务器写入用户计算机特定目录的一小段信息, Java Servlet中提供了Cookie类,可以对Cookie进行操作。在特定时候将Cookie写入用户计算机,在需要时可再取出来使用。
1.软件下载
PC机,安装Windows 95/98,具有IP地址(如果没有可以随便配一个)。开发软件有两个:JDK1.3和JSWDK1.0.1。
到http://java.sun.com,点击"Products & APIs”链接,可以点击下载"JavaTM 2 SDK, Standard Edition, v 1.3”。下载后的文件安装到你的计算机上。
JSWDK1.0.1只有763,414 bytes,可从在http://java.sun.com/products/jsp/download.html下载。下载下来的jswdk1_0_1-win.zip用Winzip软件解压缩至某个目录,如:d:app,该目录下将自动建立一个子目录:jswdk-1.0.1。这时JSWDK 1.0.1便已经安装在d:appjswdk-1.0.1目录下了。
2.启动JSWDK 1.0.1
打开一个DOS窗口,如下图点击窗口左上角DOS图标,选择属性菜单,在接着出现的窗口中点击"内存”,在"初始环境”后的下拉菜单中将"自动”改为2816,点击"exit”按钮退出窗口,再重新进入DOS窗口。该设置只需要做一次。
在该DOS窗口中运行如下DOS命令设置好环境变量:
set CLASSPATH=c:jdk1.3bin;.
set path=c:jdk1.3bin;c:windows;c:windowscommand
如果你的JDK 1.3和Windows操作系统安装在其他目录,DOS命令中的目录名称应作相应修改。
然后在该DOS窗口中用CD命令进入JSWDK 1.0.1安装目录(如d:appjswdk-1.0.1)运行startserver.bat即可。
注意:
对于JDK1.3,即本文所述的环境,需修改startserver.bat,将源文件中的
start java com.sun.web.shell.Startup %1 %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7 %8 %9
rem java com.sun.web.shell.Startup %1 %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7 %8 %9
改为:
rem start java com.sun.web.shell.Startup %1 %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7 %8 %9
java com.sun.web.shell.Startup %1 %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7 %8 %9
若使用的是老版本的JDK1.2,不需要修改startserver.bat,执行后会出现另一个DOS窗口。
运行后显示一串字符串,最后显示endpoint created: localhost/127.0.0.1:8080。表明正常启动完毕。但它不支持数据库中文字段和中文值的查询。
打开一个浏览器,输入:http://你的机器IP地址:8080,这时浏览器中显示出缺省的页面,在该页面中可查看Servlet例子。
Java Servlet中提供了Cookie类,其构造器有两个参数,分别代表Cookie的名字和值。Cookie类中提供了各种方法设置Cookie的属性,如通过setMaxAge( )方法可以设置Cookie的生存时间。若生存时间为负值,代表浏览器关闭Cookie即消失。生存时间为0,代表删除Cookie,生存时间为正数,代表Cookie存在多少秒。

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