The difference and application of C++ function overloading and function templates

The main difference between function overloading and function templates is parameter types: overloaded functions have different parameter types, while function templates have parameterized types. Overloading improves code readability and maintainability, while templates provide type safety and code reuse. Function overloading is used to provide different functions based on different types of parameters, while function templates are used to implement common algorithms on different types.

C The difference and application of function overloading and function templates

Function overloading

Definition:has Multiple functions with the same name but different parameter lists.

Benefits:

• Improve code readability and maintainability
• Can provide different functions according to different parameters

Usage:

// 重载的函数
int sum(int a, int b) { return a + b; }
double sum(double a, double b) { return a + b; }

Function template

Definition: A parameterized function declared as a template.

Benefits:

• Provide type-safe, universal solutions
• Avoid writing duplicate code

Usage:

// 函数模板
template <typename T>
T sum(T a, T b) { return a + b; }

Difference

Features	Function overloading	Function template
Parameter type	Different	can be the same
Type safety	Strong Type Safety	Strong Type Safety
Code Reuse	Moderate	High Level

Practical Case

Case 1: Calculate the sum of different types of numbers (function overloading)

int main() {
  int a = 10, b = 20;
  double c = 3.14, d = 2.71;

  // 调用重载的函数
  std::cout << "Sum of ints: " << sum(a, b) << std::endl;
  std::cout << "Sum of doubles: " << sum(c, d) << std::endl;
}

Case 2: Select algorithm (function template) based on type

template <typename T>
void sort(T* arr, int n) {
  // 根据类型实现不同的排序算法
}

int main() {
  int arr1[] = {1, 3, 5, 2, 4};
  double arr2[] = {3.14, 2.71, 1.61, 8.0, 5.1};

  // 调用函数模板
  sort(arr1, 5);
  sort(arr2, 5);
}

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