search
HomeJavajavaTutorialWhat is the difference between shallow copy and deep copy in Java?

What is the difference between shallow copy and deep copy in Java?

Apr 11, 2024 pm 12:33 PM
apacheShallow copydeep copy

The difference between shallow copy and deep copy: Shallow copy: Create an object that references the same data, and changing the copy will also affect the original object. Deep copy: Create an object that contains a copy of the original object's data. Changing the copy will not affect the original object.

What is the difference between shallow copy and deep copy in Java?

Shallow copy and deep copy in Java

Introduction

In Java , understanding the concepts of shallow copy and deep copy is crucial for object operations. This tutorial details the differences between the two and illustrates them with code examples.

Shallow copy

  • Creates a new object that references the same underlying data of the original object.
  • Any changes to the shallow copy will also be reflected on the original object, and vice versa.
  • Follow the "reference to the same " principle.

Code example:

class Person {
    private String name;
    private Address address;
}

public class ShallowCopyDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Person p1 = new Person();
        p1.setName("John Doe");
        Address addr = new Address();
        addr.setStreet("123 Main St.");
        p1.setAddress(addr);

        // Shallow copy
        Person p2 = p1;

        // 更改 p2 的地址
        p2.getAddress().setStreet("456 Elm St.");

        // p1 的地址也发生了变化
        System.out.println(p1.getAddress().getStreet()); // 输出:456 Elm St.
    }
}

In this example, p2 is a shallow copy of p1, they References the same Address object. Therefore, changes to the address of p2 will also affect p1.

Deep copy

  • Creates a new object that has an independent copy of the underlying data of the original object.
  • Changing the deep copy will not affect the original object and vice versa.
  • Follow the principle of "same content".

Code example:

Use the clone() method or a third-party library (such as Apache Commons Lang) to implement deep copy.

Using the clone() method:

class Person implements Cloneable {
    private String name;
    private Address address;

    @Override
    public Person clone() {
        try {
            // 使用 super.clone() 创建新对象
            return (Person) super.clone();
        } catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }
}

public class DeepCopyDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Person p1 = new Person();
        p1.setName("John Doe");
        Address addr = new Address();
        addr.setStreet("123 Main St.");
        p1.setAddress(addr);

        // Deep copy
        Person p2 = p1.clone();

        // 更改 p2 的地址
        p2.getAddress().setStreet("456 Elm St.");

        // p1 的地址保持不变
        System.out.println(p1.getAddress().getStreet()); // 输出:123 Main St.
    }
}

In this example, the clone() method is created for p1 A deep copy. Changing the address of p2 will not affect p1 because they refer to different Address objects.

When to use deep copy or shallow copy?

  • Shallow copy: Shallow copy can be performed when there are no side effects on modifying the copy of the object.
  • Deep copy: When modifying the copy of the object may affect the original object, a deep copy must be made.

For example, be sure to use deep copies when caching objects or passing them to untrusted code.

The above is the detailed content of What is the difference between shallow copy and deep copy in Java?. For more information, please follow other related articles on the PHP Chinese website!

Statement
The content of this article is voluntarily contributed by netizens, and the copyright belongs to the original author. This site does not assume corresponding legal responsibility. If you find any content suspected of plagiarism or infringement, please contact admin@php.cn
Explain how the JVM acts as an intermediary between the Java code and the underlying operating system.Explain how the JVM acts as an intermediary between the Java code and the underlying operating system.Apr 29, 2025 am 12:23 AM

JVM works by converting Java code into machine code and managing resources. 1) Class loading: Load the .class file into memory. 2) Runtime data area: manage memory area. 3) Execution engine: interpret or compile execution bytecode. 4) Local method interface: interact with the operating system through JNI.

Explain the role of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) in Java's platform independence.Explain the role of the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) in Java's platform independence.Apr 29, 2025 am 12:21 AM

JVM enables Java to run across platforms. 1) JVM loads, validates and executes bytecode. 2) JVM's work includes class loading, bytecode verification, interpretation execution and memory management. 3) JVM supports advanced features such as dynamic class loading and reflection.

What steps would you take to ensure a Java application runs correctly on different operating systems?What steps would you take to ensure a Java application runs correctly on different operating systems?Apr 29, 2025 am 12:11 AM

Java applications can run on different operating systems through the following steps: 1) Use File or Paths class to process file paths; 2) Set and obtain environment variables through System.getenv(); 3) Use Maven or Gradle to manage dependencies and test. Java's cross-platform capabilities rely on the JVM's abstraction layer, but still require manual handling of certain operating system-specific features.

Are there any areas where Java requires platform-specific configuration or tuning?Are there any areas where Java requires platform-specific configuration or tuning?Apr 29, 2025 am 12:11 AM

Java requires specific configuration and tuning on different platforms. 1) Adjust JVM parameters, such as -Xms and -Xmx to set the heap size. 2) Choose the appropriate garbage collection strategy, such as ParallelGC or G1GC. 3) Configure the Native library to adapt to different platforms. These measures can enable Java applications to perform best in various environments.

What are some tools or libraries that can help you address platform-specific challenges in Java development?What are some tools or libraries that can help you address platform-specific challenges in Java development?Apr 29, 2025 am 12:01 AM

OSGi,ApacheCommonsLang,JNA,andJVMoptionsareeffectiveforhandlingplatform-specificchallengesinJava.1)OSGimanagesdependenciesandisolatescomponents.2)ApacheCommonsLangprovidesutilityfunctions.3)JNAallowscallingnativecode.4)JVMoptionstweakapplicationbehav

How does the JVM manage garbage collection across different platforms?How does the JVM manage garbage collection across different platforms?Apr 28, 2025 am 12:23 AM

JVMmanagesgarbagecollectionacrossplatformseffectivelybyusingagenerationalapproachandadaptingtoOSandhardwaredifferences.ItemploysvariouscollectorslikeSerial,Parallel,CMS,andG1,eachsuitedfordifferentscenarios.Performancecanbetunedwithflagslike-XX:NewRa

Why can Java code run on different operating systems without modification?Why can Java code run on different operating systems without modification?Apr 28, 2025 am 12:14 AM

Java code can run on different operating systems without modification, because Java's "write once, run everywhere" philosophy is implemented by Java virtual machine (JVM). As the intermediary between the compiled Java bytecode and the operating system, the JVM translates the bytecode into specific machine instructions to ensure that the program can run independently on any platform with JVM installed.

Describe the process of compiling and executing a Java program, highlighting platform independence.Describe the process of compiling and executing a Java program, highlighting platform independence.Apr 28, 2025 am 12:08 AM

The compilation and execution of Java programs achieve platform independence through bytecode and JVM. 1) Write Java source code and compile it into bytecode. 2) Use JVM to execute bytecode on any platform to ensure the code runs across platforms.

See all articles

Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress

Undresser.AI Undress

AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover

AI Clothes Remover

Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool

Undress AI Tool

Undress images for free

Clothoff.io

Clothoff.io

AI clothes remover

Video Face Swap

Video Face Swap

Swap faces in any video effortlessly with our completely free AI face swap tool!

Hot Tools

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Zend Studio 13.0.1

Powerful PHP integrated development environment

WebStorm Mac version

WebStorm Mac version

Useful JavaScript development tools

SAP NetWeaver Server Adapter for Eclipse

SAP NetWeaver Server Adapter for Eclipse

Integrate Eclipse with SAP NetWeaver application server.

Safe Exam Browser

Safe Exam Browser

Safe Exam Browser is a secure browser environment for taking online exams securely. This software turns any computer into a secure workstation. It controls access to any utility and prevents students from using unauthorized resources.

mPDF

mPDF

mPDF is a PHP library that can generate PDF files from UTF-8 encoded HTML. The original author, Ian Back, wrote mPDF to output PDF files "on the fly" from his website and handle different languages. It is slower than original scripts like HTML2FPDF and produces larger files when using Unicode fonts, but supports CSS styles etc. and has a lot of enhancements. Supports almost all languages, including RTL (Arabic and Hebrew) and CJK (Chinese, Japanese and Korean). Supports nested block-level elements (such as P, DIV),