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Golang regular expression usage guide

Apr 08, 2024 pm 02:15 PM
regular expressiongolang

Go 中的正则表达式提供了一种强大的字符串处理工具:使用 regexp 包进行正则表达式操作。利用正则表达式语法来匹配和操作字符串。可匹配字符类、重复字符、分组、锚点和边界符。通过 MatchString 匹配字符串、FindStringSubmatch 提取匹配和 ReplaceAllString 替换字符串。应用场景包括验证电子邮件地址、提取 HTML 链接等。

Golang 正则表达式的使用指南

Golang 正则表达式的使用指南

简介

正则表达式(regex)是一种强大的工具,用于匹配和操作字符串。Go 提供了内置的 regexp 包,可以帮助你轻松使用正则表达式。

正则表达式语法

正则表达式通常使用以下语法:

  • 字符类: 用于匹配单个字符,例如 [abc] 匹配 'a'、'b' 或 'c'。
  • 重复字符: 限定符用于指定字符重复的次数,例如 + 表示一次或多次。
  • 分组: 圆括号用于分组字符,例如 (abc) 匹配字符串 "abc"。
  • 锚点: 用于匹配字符串的开头或结尾,例如 ^$
  • 边界符: 用于匹配字符串的单词或行边界,例如 \b

Go 中的正则表达式

要使用 regexp 包,请导入它:

import "regexp"

以下是一些在 Go 中使用正则表达式的示例代码:

匹配字符串

re := regexp.MustCompile("abc")
fmt.Println(re.MatchString("abcdef")) // 输出:true

提取匹配

re := regexp.MustCompile("(\\d+)-([a-z]+)")
fmt.Println(re.FindStringSubmatch("123-abc")) // 输出:["123-abc", "123", "abc"]

替换字符串

re := regexp.MustCompile("abc")
fmt.Println(re.ReplaceAllString("abcdef", "xyz")) // 输出:"xyzdef"

实战案例

验证电子邮件地址

re := regexp.MustCompile("^[a-zA-Z0-9.!#$%&'*+/=?^_`{|}~-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?(?:\.[a-zA-Z0-9](?:[a-zA-Z0-9-]{0,61}[a-zA-Z0-9])?)*$")
fmt.Println(re.MatchString("username@example.com")) // 输出:true

从 HTML 中提取链接

re := regexp.MustCompile(`<a href="([^"]+)">`)
for _, link := range re.FindAllStringSubmatch(`<a href="/page1">Page 1</a> <a href="/page2">Page 2</a>`, -1) {
    fmt.Println(link[1]) // 输出:"page1" 和 "page2"
}

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