Access
ACCESS是一个Client/Server的优秀前端开发工具,具有易学易用,界面友好,开发简单,和其他数据库接口灵活。但是,它要对大量数据处理时,速度比较慢。深圳供电局现有60万用户,下面有6个营业所,通过64K DDN 和局相连,如果有一个营业所要对1万用户进行处理的话,要花2~3小时,严重影响其他业务的开展。所以,当有大量数据需要处理时,不能在Client端处理,而必须在Server端处理。 但ACCESS和Server端之间多数通过ODBC来连接,这样就增加了调用后台存储过程的难度。笔者通过在实际工作中长期的摸索,根据不同的业务需要,可以用下面三种方法去调用后台存储过程。一、 Access 向后台提交作业,这一个个作业对应一个个的存储过程。在SQL Server 6.5中,通过Task Manager 来建立相应的Task; 而在Oracle 8.0中,通过Managing Job Queue 来建立相应的Job。在Access中,在job_list表中插入一个作业,这些作业一般每天晚上运行一次。这些作业对应的业务一般是需要处理非常大量数据,而实时性又是较低的,在我们的业务中比较典型的例子是每天晚上大量的电费计算。
二、 在Server端建立一些触发器(Trigger),在Access中激活这些触发器。在SQL Server 6.5 和Oracle 8.0中,都是通过Create Trigger 来实现。在Access中,根据不同的业务,通过插入、修改、删除记录来激活不同触发器。在我们的业务中一个例子是,当业务人员修改用户的电表读数后,激活计算电费的触发器,能立即重新计算该用户的电费。这样子,既可以和批量计算电费共享同一程序,不用在Access端重新开发,有可以加快前端的响应速度。
三、 以上二种方法,只可以说是间接调用后台存储过程,Access还提供一种直接调用的方法,可以用Access 传递查询直接将命令发送到数据库服务器。
建立Access 传递查询步骤如下:
(1) 在数据库窗口中单击“查询”选项卡,然后单击“新建”按钮。
(2) 在“新建查询”对话框中单击“设计视图”选项,然后单击“确定”按钮。
(3) 在“显示表”对话框内单击“关闭”按钮。
(4) 在“查询”菜单上,指到“SQL 语句条件”,然后单击“传递”命令。
(5) 在工具栏上,请单击“属性”按钮 以显示查询属性表。
(6) 在查询属性表中,请设置“ODBC 连接字符串”属性来指定要连接的数据库信息。可以输入连接信息: ”ODBC;DSN=ntserver0;UID=sa;PWD=;DATABASE=BMS”,或用“生成器”按钮生成。
(7) 因存储过程不用返回记录,所以将“返回记录”属性设置为“否”。
(8) 在“SQL 传递查询”窗口中,输入传递查询: exec statistics。Statistics 是SQL Server 数据库的一个存储过程。
(9) 关闭查询,保存查询为:stat_query。
运行传递查询的方法有:
(1) 用Microsoft Access的宏 OpenQuery。
(2) 用下面的事件过程:
Private Sub 统计_Click()
Dim dbs As Database, qdf As QueryDef
Dim tmq As Dynaset
Dim strSQL As String
Set dbs = CurrentDb
'打开上面建的传递查询stat_query
Set qdf = dbs.OpenQueryDef("stat_query ")
qdf.Execute
Set dbs = Nothing
End Sub
这种方法在SQL Server 6.5 中实现完全没问题,在Oracle 8.0中不能实现,错误信息为:ORA-00900 invalid SQL statement. 由于这种方法不需要一个中间的表去排队或激活后台存储过程,所以它的应用面就很广,凡是需要处理大量数据的业务,都可以放到Server端去处理,如统计报表。
通过以上三种方法,解决了Access对大量数据处理速度慢的弱点,大大加大了深圳供电局数据处理能力。

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