Essential knowledge for getting started with Go language: from environment construction to practical application

Essential knowledge for getting started with Go language: Environment setup: Install the Go distribution and set environment variables. Go Basics: Understand Go program structure, variable declarations, control flow, and functions. Data Structures: Master slicing, mapping, and structures. Practical case: Build a simple HTTP server to understand the features of Go.

Essential knowledge for getting started with Go language: from environment construction to practical application

Environment construction

1. Install Go language: Download and install the Go distribution for your operating system from the official website and follow the installation guide.
2. Set environment variables: Edit the environment variables to add GOROOT pointing to the Go installation directory and PATH pointing to the Go binaries.

Go basics

1. Go program structure: package main Contains the main function of the program, each Each package is an independent code module.
2. Variable declaration and type: Use the var keyword to declare a variable and specify its type (e.g. int, string).
3. Control flow: Use if, else, for and switch statements to control the program flow.
4. Function: Use the func keyword to define a function and specify the parameter and return value types.

Data structure

1. Slice: Dynamically sized array that can hold any number of elements.
2. Mapping: Key-value pair storage, looking up values ​​by key.
3. Structure: Custom data type, combine multiple fields.

Practical case: Building a simple HTTP server

Steps:

1. In Create a new directory in the terminal and navigate to it:

   mkdir go_tutorial
   cd go_tutorial

2. Use a text editor to create a file called main.go and paste the following code:

   package main
   
   import (
    "fmt"
    "net/http"
   )
   
   func main() {
    http.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
        fmt.Fprintf(w, "Hello, world!")
    })
    http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
   }

3. Save the file and run the program:

   go run main.go

4. Go to http://localhost:8080 in your browser and you should see The message "Hello, world!".

Advanced content

• Concurrency: Use Go's built-in concurrency mechanism to improve program performance.
• Package management: Use go get and go mod to manage and distribute external packages.
• Network Programming: Use Go’s built-in network library for HTTP, TCP, and UDP communications.
• Database interaction: Use Go's database/SQL package to connect and operate the database.

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