In-depth understanding of data types in Go language

The data types of the Go language determine the data types and operations that variables can store, including basic data types (booleans, integers, floating point numbers, complex numbers, strings, runes, bytes) and composite data types (arrays, slices, mapping, structure, interface). Go language supports implicit and explicit type conversion. You can use the syntax type castedValue := type(value) for explicit conversion.

In-depth understanding of the data types of Go language

Introduction

In Go language , the data type determines the data types and operations that the variable can store. Understanding data types in Go is crucial because it affects the efficiency and safety of your program.

Basic data types

• Boolean type: true or false, representing a Boolean value
• Integer : int, int8, int16, int32, int64, integers without decimal part
• Floating point numbers: float32, float64, numbers with decimal part
• Complex numbers: complex64, complex128, numbers composed of real and imaginary parts
• String: UTF-8 encoded string
• rune: A UTF-32 code point
• Bytes: 8-bit unsigned integer

Composite data type

• Array: Fixed-length collection of data elements of the same type
• Slice: Variable-length collection of data elements of the same type, pointing to Underlying array
• Mapping: Key-value pair collection
• Structure:Associated data collection with named fields
• Interface: A type that defines a set of methods

Type conversion

The Go language supports implicit and explicit type conversion. Implicit conversions occur when the compiler performs automatic conversions, such as assigning an integer to a floating-point variable. Explicit conversion requires the following syntax:

type castedValue := type(value)

Practical case

The following is a sample program showing the use of Go language data types:

package main

import "fmt"

func main() {
    // 基本数据类型
    var b bool = true
    var i int = 10
    var f float64 = 3.14
    var s string = "Hello World"

    // 复合数据类型
    var a [5]int = [...]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
    var slice []int = make([]int, 3)
    var m map[string]int = make(map[string]int)
    var st struct {
        name string
        age  int
    }

    // 类型转换
    var ft float32 = float32(f)

    // 打印结果
    fmt.Println(b, i, f, s)
    fmt.Println(a, slice, m, st)
    fmt.Println(ft)
}

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