Explore the Go language's type system

In the Go language, the type system specifies the value, type safety and maintainability of variables. The Go language adopts a structure-based type system, allowing the definition of custom types (struct) and type aliases. Value types are declared with the keyword var, while pointer types have an asterisk preceding the type name. An interface defines a collection of methods, and the type that implements the interface must implement all methods.

Explore the type system of Go language

Introduction

The type system is the core feature of any programming language. It specifies the structure, operation and behavior of values. The Go language uses a structure-based type system that emphasizes type safety and maintainability.

Type declaration

In Go language, you can use the following syntax to declare types:

type <类型名> <基础类型>

For example, the following code declares a type named ## The type of #Person, which contains two fields: Name and Age:

type Person struct {
    Name string
    Age  int
}

Value type and pointer type

Every value in the Go language belongs to a specific type, called its value type. You can declare a variable and specify its value type by using the keyword

var.

var person Person

The Go language also supports pointer types, which point to variables of another type. Pointer types can be created by prepending an asterisk (*) to the type name.

var personPtr *Person

Type aliases and base types

Type aliases allow the creation of aliases for existing types. Basic types are built-in types that can no longer be decomposed, such as

int, float64, and string.

The following code creates an alias of type

FullName whose underlying type is string:

type FullName = string

Interface

An interface is a type that defines a set of methods. Any type can be said to implement the interface as long as it implements all methods in the interface.

The following code defines an

Animal interface, which contains a Speak method:

type Animal interface {
    Speak()
}

Practical case

The following is a short example using the Go type system:

package main

type Person struct {
    Name string
    Age  int
}

func main() {
    person1 := Person{"John", 30}  // 值类型
    person2 := &Person{"Jane", 35} // 指针类型

    fmt.Println(person1.Name)
    fmt.Println(*person2.Name)
}

This code creates two values ​​of type

Person: person1 is a value type, And person2 is a pointer to a variable of type Person.

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