让我们来看看保存在浏览器中的内容。如果你用的是 IE5 ,在 windows 目录下有一个 cookies 的目录,里面有很多文本文件,文件名都是类似于 wudong@15seconds[1].txt 这样的,这就是浏览器用来保存值的 cookies 了。在以前的 IE 版本中, cookies 的内容是可以察看的,但现在内容已经被编码了。在浏览器得到一个 Web 页面之前,它会先看这个页面的域名,是否在 cookie 中存在,如果有相比配的,浏览器会先把匹配的 cookie 传送到服务器,然后才接受处理服务器传送过来的页面。
先举个 cookies 应用的例子:当我连接到 Amazon.com 时,浏览器在接受第一个页面之前会把它以前设置的 cookies 的内容传送给 Amazon 。然后 Amazon.com 对传送过来的内容加以检查,看看在数据库中有没有相关资料,在匹配之后,在为我建立一个定制的页面传送到过来。
为 cookies 赋值
作 者 : 扬眉 编译 本文点击次数:127
必须在服务器传送任何内容给客户浏览器之前为 Cookies 赋值。要做到这一点, cookies 的设置就必须放在 标签内:
setcookie("CookieID", $USERID);
?>
setcookie 函数一共有六个参数,用逗号来分隔:
cookie 的名称,是一个字符串,例如: "CookieID" 。其间不允许有冒号,逗号和空格。这个参数是必须的,而其它的所有参数都是可选的。如果只有这一个参数被给出,那么这个 cookie 将被删除。
cookie 的值,通常是一个字符串变量,例如: $USERID 。也可以为它赋一个 ?? 来略过值的设置。
cookie 失效的时间。如果被省略(或者被赋值为零), cookie 将在这个对话期( session )结束后失效。这个参数可以是一个绝对的时间,用 DD-Mon-YY HH:MM:SS 来表示,比如: "24-Nov-99 08:26:00" 。而更常用的是设置一个相对时间。这是通过 time() 函数或者 mktime 函数来实现的。比如 time()+3600 将使得 cookie 在一个小时后失效。
一个路径,用来匹配 cookie 的。当在一个服务器上有多个同名的 cookie 的设置,为避免混淆,就要用到这个参数了。使用 "/" 路径的和省略这个参数的效果是一样的。要注意的是 Netscape 的 cookie 定义是把域名放在路径的前面的,而 PHP 则与之相反。
服务器的域名,也是用来匹配 cookie 的。要注意的是:在服务器的域名前必须放上一个点( . )。例如: ".friendshipcenter.com" 。因为除非有两个以上的点存在,否者这个参数是不能被接受的。
cookie 的安全级,是一个整数。 1 表示这个 cookie 只能通过“安全”的网络来传送。 0 或者省略则表示任何类型的网络都可以。
Cookies 和变量
作 者 : 扬眉 编译 本文点击次数:127
当 PHP 脚本从客户浏览器提取了一个 cookie 后,它将自动的把它转换成一个变量。例如:一个名为 CookieID 的 cookie 将变成变量 $CookieID.
Cookies 的内容被报存在 HTTP_COOKIE_VARS 数组中,你还可以通过这个数组和 cookie 的名称来存取指定的 cookie 值:
print $HTTP_COOKIE_VARS[CookieID];
记住每一个用户
作 者 : 扬眉 编译 本文点击次数:127
回过头在来看看上面的 submitform.php3 文件,它的作用是把客户的姓名添加到数据库中,现在我想为它添加一些东西。我想为每个用户都分配一个唯一的用户标志,然后把这个标志放在 Cookies 中,这样每当用户访问我的网站的时候,通过 cookie 和其中的用户标志,我就能够知道他是谁了。
MySQL 能够被设置成为每一个新的纪录自动的分配一个数字,这个数字从 1 开始,以后每次自动加 1 。用一行 SQL 语句,你就可以轻松的为数据表添加这样的一个字段,我把它叫做 USERID:
ALTER TABLE dbname
ADD COLUMN
USERID INT(11) NOT NULL
PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT;
对这个字段我们作了一些特别的设置。首先,通过“ INT(11) ”定义它的类型为 11 位的整数;然后用“ NOT NULL ”关键字让这个字段的值不能为 NULL ;再用“ PRIMARY KEY ”把它设置为索引字段,这样搜索起来就会更快;最后,“ AUTO_INCREMENT ”定义它为自动增一的字段。
当把用户的姓名插入到数据库后,就应该在他们的浏览器上设置 cookie 了。这时利用的就是刚才我们谈到的 USERID 字段的值 :
mysql_connect (localhost, username, password);
mysql_select_db (dbname);
mysql_query ("INSERT INTO tablename (first_name, last_name)
VALUES ('$first_name', '$last_name')
");
setcookie("CookieID",
mysql_insert_id(),
time()+94608000,
"/"); /* 三年后 cookie 才会失效 */
?>
PHP 函数 mysql_insert_id() 返回在最后一次执行了 INSERT 查询后,由 AUTO_INCREMENT 定义的字段的值。这样,只要你不清除掉浏览器的 Cookies ,网站就会永远“记住”你了
读取 cookie
作 者 : 扬眉 编译 本文点击次数:127
我们来写一个像 Amazon.com 所作的那样的脚本。首先, PHP 脚本会先检查客户浏览器是否发送了 cookie 过来,如果是那样的话,用户的姓名就会被显示出来。如果没找到 cookie 的话,就显示一个表单,让客户登记他们的姓名,然后把他添加到数据库中,并在客户浏览其中设置好 cookie 。
首先,先来显示 cookie 的内容:
print $CookieID;
?>
然后,就可以把名字显示出来了:
mysql_connect (localhost, username, password);
mysql_select_db (dbname);
$selectresult = mysql_query ("SELECT * FROM tablename
WHERE USERID = '$CookieID'
");
$row = mysql_fetch_array($selectresult);
echo " 欢迎你的光临 ", $row[first_name], "!";
?>
就是这样的了。我在其中没有作判断,交给你自己来完成好了

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MySQL index cardinality has a significant impact on query performance: 1. High cardinality index can more effectively narrow the data range and improve query efficiency; 2. Low cardinality index may lead to full table scanning and reduce query performance; 3. In joint index, high cardinality sequences should be placed in front to optimize query.

The MySQL learning path includes basic knowledge, core concepts, usage examples, and optimization techniques. 1) Understand basic concepts such as tables, rows, columns, and SQL queries. 2) Learn the definition, working principles and advantages of MySQL. 3) Master basic CRUD operations and advanced usage, such as indexes and stored procedures. 4) Familiar with common error debugging and performance optimization suggestions, such as rational use of indexes and optimization queries. Through these steps, you will have a full grasp of the use and optimization of MySQL.

MySQL's real-world applications include basic database design and complex query optimization. 1) Basic usage: used to store and manage user data, such as inserting, querying, updating and deleting user information. 2) Advanced usage: Handle complex business logic, such as order and inventory management of e-commerce platforms. 3) Performance optimization: Improve performance by rationally using indexes, partition tables and query caches.


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