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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorial针对MySQL和PostgreSQL两数据库对比_MySQL

PostgreSQL

 

在这篇文章中,我们选用MySQL 4.0.2-alpha与PostgreSQL 7.2进行比较,因为MySQL 4.0.2-alpha开始支持事务的概念,因此这样的比较对于MySQL应该较为有利。

我们这样的比较不想仅仅成为一份性能测试报告,因为至少从我个人来看,对于一个数据库,稳定性和速度并不能代表一切。对于一个成熟的数据库,稳定性肯定会日益提供。而随着硬件性能的飞速提高,速度也不再是什么太大的问题。

二、两者的共同优势

这两个产品都属于开放源码的一员,性能和功能都在高速地提高和增强。MySQL和PostgreSQL的开发者们都在尽可能地把各自的数据库改得越来越好,所以对于任何商业数据库使用其中的任何一个都不能算是错误的选择。

三、两者不同的背景

MySQL的背后是一个成熟的商业公司,而PostgreSQL的背后是一个庞大的志愿开发组。这使得MySQL的开发过程更为慎重,而PostgreSQL的反应更为迅速。这样的两种背景直接导致了各自固有的优点和缺点。

四、MySQL的主要优点

1、首先是速度,MySQL通常要比PostgreSQL快得多。MySQL自已也宣称速度是他们追求的主要目标之一,基于这个原因,MySQL在以前的文档中也曾经说过并不准备支持事务和触发器。但是在最新的文档中,我们看到MySQL 4.0.2-alpha已经开始支持事务,而且在MySQL的TODO中,对触发器、约束这样的注定会降低速度的功能也列入了日程。但是,我们仍然有理由相信,MySQL将有可能一直保持速度的优势。

2、MySQL比PostgreSQL更流行,流行对于一个商业软件来说,也是一个很重要的指标,流行意味着更多的用户,意味着经受了更多的考验,意味着更好的商业支持、意味着更多、更完善的文档资料。

3、与PostgreSQL相比,MySQL更适宜在Windows环境下运行。MySQL作为一个本地的Windows应用程序运行(在NT/Win2000/WinXP下,是一个服务),而PostgreSQL是运行在Cygwin模拟环境下。PostgreSQL在Windows下运行没有MySQL稳定,应该是可以想象的。

4、MySQL使用了线程,而PostgreSQL使用的是进程。在不同线程之间的环境转换和访问公用的存储区域显然要比在不同的进程之间要快得多。

5、MySQL可以适应24/7运行。在绝大多数情况下,你不需要为MySQL运行任何清除程序。PostgreSQL目前仍不完全适应24/7运行,这是因为你必须每隔一段时间运行一次VACUUM。

6、MySQL在权限系统上比PostgreSQL某些方面更为完善。PostgreSQL只支持对于每一个用户在一个数据库上或一个数据表上的INSERT、SELECT和UPDATE/DELETE的授权,而MySQL允许你定义一整套的不同的数据级、表级和列级的权限。对于列级的权限,PostgreSQL可以通过建立视图,并确定视图的权限来弥补。MySQL还允许你指定基于主机的权限,这对于目前的PostgreSQL是无法实现的,但是在很多时候,这是有用的。

7、由于MySQL 4.0.2-alpha开始支持事务的概念,因此事务对于MySQL不再仅仅成为劣势。相反,因为MySQL保留无事务的表类型。这就为用户提供了更多的选择。

8、MySQL的MERGE表提供了一个独特管理多个表的方法。

9、MySQL的myisampack可以对只读表进行压缩,此后仍然可以直接访问该表中的行。

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