Explore the special data types in Go language

Special data types in the Go language include pointers (used for indirect access to values), arrays (fixed-length collections of elements), slices (variable-length arrays), structures (custom data types), and interfaces (defined methods sign). These data types provide simplicity, efficiency, and type safety, which are useful when dealing with specific needs.

Explore the special data types in the Go language

The Go language provides some special data types to handle specific needs. They provide simplicity, efficiency, and type safety.

1. Pointer (*Type)

A pointer is a data type that refers to a memory address, which allows indirect access to the underlying value. Using pointers, you can modify the underlying value without returning a new value.

func main() {
    // 定义一个指向 int 变量的指针
    ptr := new(int)
    // 通过指针修改 int 值
    *ptr = 10
    fmt.Println(*ptr) // 输出: 10
}

2. Array ([n]Type)

An array is a fixed-size collection of elements, all of which have the same type. Arrays are value types, not reference types.

func main() {
    // 定义一个长度为 5 的 int 数组
    arr := [5]int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
    // 访问数组元素
    fmt.Println(arr[2]) // 输出: 3
}

3. Slice ([]Type)

A slice is a variable-length version of an array. Slices can change size dynamically without specifying a length limit. Unlike arrays, slices are reference types.

func main() {
    // 定义一个 int 切片，初始化容量为 5
    s := make([]int, 0, 5)
    // 添加元素到切片
    s = append(s, 1, 2, 3)
    fmt.Println(s) // 输出: [1 2 3]
}

4. Structure (struct)

Structure is a custom data type that allows different types of data to be organized into a unit. Structure members can be accessed by name.

type Person struct {
    Name string
    Age int
}

func main() {
    // 定义一个 Person 结构体
    person := Person{Name: "John Doe", Age: 30}
    fmt.Println(person.Name) // 输出: John Doe
}

5. Interface

An interface defines a set of method signatures without implementation. Any type can implement an interface as long as it implements all methods defined in the interface.

type Shape interface {
    Area() float64
}

type Circle struct {
    Radius float64
}

func (c Circle) Area() float64 {
    return math.Pi * c.Radius * c.Radius
}

func main() {
    // 定义一个 Circle 类型的值
    circle := Circle{Radius: 5}
    // 将 Circle 值转换为实现了 Shape 接口
    var shape Shape = circle
    fmt.Println(shape.Area()) // 输出: 78.53981633974483
}

Practical case:

Use pointers to optimize function performance

Pass large structures or slices as function parameters by using pointers Efficiency can be improved because the function can modify the underlying value without having to return a new copy.

Processing data using arrays and slices

Arrays and slices are widely used to store and process data. You can use loops and built-in functions to efficiently traverse, sort, and filter data.

Use structures to organize related data

Structures allow the creation of complex custom types to organize related fields into an entity. This simplifies the presentation and manipulation of data.

Use interfaces to achieve code reusability

Interfaces enable different types to have the same behavior. This promotes code reusability and extensibility.

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