如何安全的远程使用MySQL GUI工具

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如何安全的远程使用MySQL GUI工具_MySQL

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Jun 01, 2016 pm 02:02 PM

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mysqlGUImysql管理工具

　　MySQL是易于使用的数据库的同义词，大部分数据库驱动的网络应用都把MySQL做为首选数据库，所以MySQL在很多网络服务器上都有应用。尽管MySQL命令语句工具非常有用，但是如果你没有熟练的掌握SQL语法，工作起来就会耗费相当多的时间。于是 phpMyAdmin这样的工具应运而生。

　　MySQL开发者们自行开发出了能够连接本地或者远程MySQL数据库的GUI工具。这些工具包括MySQL管理员(MySQL Administrator)，MySQL Query浏览器(MySQL Query Browser)以及MySQL 工作台(MySQL Workbench)等,都是相当出色的能够轻松操作和创建MySQL数据库的图形化工具。

　　使用这些工具操作远程数据库时有一个问题，它们经常要求MySQL 在网络界面进行响应；大部分MySQL管理员只允许MySQL对localhost或socket进行响应，而拒绝远程连接。这是一种非常有效的安全措施；但是在这种情况下，如果不施展一些手段就无法远程使用这些GUI工具。在这种情况下，使用ssh来暗中进行连接是一个非常不错的方法。因为这样做不仅能够进行很严格的认证和加密，同时还不会破坏只允许MySQL相应本地连接的规则。

　　首先，要使MySQL只响应localhost(在默认情况下，MySQL只响应对连接本地socket的要求)，需要调整设置让MySQL允许网络连接，然后重启服务器。MySQL应该只响应loopback上的连接，或者本地及网络界面上的连接。然后，编辑发出连接要求的主机上的 ~/.ssh/config文件，然后插入以下内容：

　　Host remotesql

　　?Hostname webserver.domain.com

　　?User joe

　　?LocalForward *:13306 localhost:3306

　　这样就会以用户joe的身份连接到webserver.domain.com，并将本地系统上13306端口推送到 webserver.domain.com上的3306端口(标准MySQL端口)。请注意，我们并没有将推送端口限制在本地设备的本地界面上，而是针对全部界面；也就是说我们能够连接到me.domain.com端口13306(假设me.domain.com是本地工作站的名称)，除了连接本地主机端口13306(这点非常重要，因为GUI工具将会尝试通过socket连接localhost，而这是我们所不希望发生的)。现在可以执行以下命令来启动连接。

　　$ ssh -f -N remotesql

　　最后，启动MySQL管理器，让其使用你的信用状与13306端口上的me.domain.com进行连接。如果出现"访问被拒绝“的错误，请检查远程数据库上的许可信息。为了进行正确的连接，可能必须对user@localhost.localdomain进行许可。

　　这样就可以实现通过本地网络上的任一系统(除非防火墙的规则禁止使用本地设备)跨过互联网进行安全的连接，这样就可以通过以下操作通过本地MySQL 命令语句来对远程数据库进行操作：

　　$ mysql -u root -p -h me.domain.com -P 13306

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