在 Python 中, 读取 .py 文件有三种方法。第一种方法是使用内置函数 open(),如 with open('example.py', 'r') as f: content = f.read()。第二种方法是使用 import 语句,如 import example。第三种方法是使用 exec() 函数,如 with open('example.py', 'r') as f: code = f.read() exec(code)。
如何正确读取 .py 文件?
引入
读取其他 Python 脚本对于模块化编程至关重要。本文将介绍在 Python 中正确读取 .py 文件的三种常见方法。
方法 1:使用内置函数
内置函数 open()
可用于读取文件内容。其语法如下:
open(filename, mode)
其中:
-
filename
是要打开的文件名 -
mode
是打开模式(例如,'r' 表示读取)
例如:
with open('example.py', 'r') as f: content = f.read()
方法 2:使用 import
语句
import
语句可用于导入其他模块(.py 文件)的内容。其语法如下:
import module_name
例如:
import example
导入后,可以访问模块中定义的变量和函数。
方法 3:使用 exec()
函数
exec()
函数可用于动态执行 Python 代码。其语法如下:
exec(code, globals, locals)
其中:
-
code
是要执行的 Python 代码 -
globals
和locals
是可选的字典,分别指定全局和局部变量空间
例如:
with open('example.py', 'r') as f: code = f.read() exec(code)
实战案例
考虑一个名为 example.py
的文件,其中定义了一个函数 add()
:
def add(a, b): return a + b
为了从一个不同的 Python 脚本中调用此函数,我们可以使用以下代码:
# 使用方法 1 import example print(example.add(1, 2)) # 使用方法 3 with open('example.py', 'r') as f: code = f.read() exec(code) print(add(1, 2))
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