Detailed explanation of Golang flow control statements

There are three types of flow control statements in the Go language: conditional statements, loop statements and jump statements. Conditional statements control program flow based on the true or false value of a Boolean expression; loop statements are used to repeatedly execute a block of code; jump statements are used to explicitly control program flow, including exiting the loop, skipping iterations, or jumping to a specified location.

Flow control statements in Go language

Flow control statements are used to control the flow of the program. There are three types in Go Flow control statement:

1. Conditional statement

Conditional statement determines the program flow based on the true or false value of a Boolean expression.

Grammar:

if <boolean expression> {
  // 如果条件为真，执行此代码块
} else if <boolean expression> {
  // 如果第一个条件为假，则执行此代码块
} else {
  // 如果所有条件都为假，执行此代码块
}

Example:

if age >= 21 {
  fmt.Println("允许饮酒")
} else {
  fmt.Println("禁止饮酒")
}

2. Loop statement

Loop statements are used to repeatedly execute a block of code.

Syntax:

for loop:

for <initialization>; <condition>; <post-statement> {
  // 循环体
}

while loop:

while <condition> {
  // 循环体
}

for range loop:

for range <iterable> {
  // 循环体
}

Example:

// for 循环
for i := 0; i < 5; i++ {
  fmt.Println(i)
}

// while 循环
total := 0
while total < 100 {
  total += 10
}

// for range 循环
numbers := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
for _, num := range numbers {
  fmt.Println(num)
}

3. Jump statement

Jump statements are used to explicitly control program flow.

Syntax:

break: Exit the most recent loop or switch statement.
continue: Skip the current loop iteration and continue with the next iteration.
goto: Jump to the specified location.

Example:

// break
for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
  if i == 5 {
    break
  }
  fmt.Println(i)
}

// continue
for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
  if i % 2 == 0 {
    continue
  }
  fmt.Println(i)
}

// goto
// 注意：不应在 Go 中滥用 goto
goto end
fmt.Println("此行不会被执行")
end:
fmt.Println("程序结束")

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