How to use faces in Go language?

Using interfaces in Go includes: defining an interface and including method signatures. Implement interfaces and provide implementations for methods. Convert the type to an interface type and call its methods. Interfaces promote code reuse, ease of testing, and extensibility.

#How to use interfaces in Go?

Interface is a way to define a contract in Go language, which provides a set of method signatures. Any type that implements this interface must provide implementations of these methods.

Syntax

The syntax of the interface is as follows:

type 接口名 interface {
    方法1() 返回类型
    方法2(参数) 返回类型
    ...
}

Practical case: Comparator interface

Suppose we have a Comparable interface that defines a Compare method for comparing two types. We can implement this interface to provide comparison functionality for our own types.

type Comparable interface {
    Compare(other Comparable) int
}

type Person struct {
    Name  string
    Age   int
    Hobby string
}

func (p Person) Compare(other Comparable) int {
    switch other.(type) {
    case Person:
        o := other.(Person)
        if p.Age > o.Age {
            return 1
        } else if p.Age < o.Age {
            return -1
        }
        return 0
    default:
        return -1
    }
}

Using methods

After implementing an interface, we can convert its instance to the interface type and call its methods.

var comparable Comparable = Person{"John", 30, "Coding"}
result := comparable.Compare(Person{"Jane", 25, "Reading"})
fmt.Println(result) // 预期输出：1

Advantages

• Code Reuse: Interfaces allow us to create generic code that can be used with any type that implements a specific contract.
• Convenient testing: We can test the code at the interface level without worrying about the underlying implementation.
• Extensibility: We can easily add new methods to the interface as needed and benefit all implemented types.

Notes

• Make sure to provide all required methods when implementing the interface.
• The interface enforces type checking, but does not enforce method implementation.

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