总的来说,在 MySQL 中的ORDER BY有两种排序实现方式,一种是利用有序索引获取有序数据,另一种则是通过相应的排序算法,将取得的数据在内存中进行排序。
下面将通过实例分析两种排序实现方式及实现图解:
假设有 Table A 和 B 两个表结构分别如下:
1 sky@localhost : example 01:48:21> show create table A\G 2 3 *************************** 1. row *************************** 4 5 Table: A 6 7 Create Table: CREATE TABLE `A` ( 8 9 `c1` int(11) NOT NULL default '0', 10 11 `c2` char(2) default NULL, 12 13 `c3` varchar(16) default NULL, 14 15 `c4` datetime default NULL, 16 17 PRIMARY KEY (`c1`) 18 19 ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 20 21 sky@localhost : example 01:48:32> show create table B\G 22 23 *************************** 1. row *************************** 24 25 Table: B 26 27 Create Table: CREATE TABLE `B` ( 28 29 `c1` int(11) NOT NULL default '0', 30 31 `c2` char(2) default NULL, 32 33 `c3` varchar(16) default NULL, 34 35 PRIMARY KEY (`c1`), 36 37 KEY `B_c2_ind` (`c2`) 38 39 ) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 |
1、利用有序索引进行排序,实际上就是当我们 Query 的 ORDER BY 条件和 Query 的执行计划中所利用的 Index 的索引键(或前面几个索引键)完全一致,且索引访问方式为 rang、 ref 或者 index 的时候,MySQL 可以利用索引顺序而直接取得已经排好序的数据。这种方式的 ORDER BY 基本上可以说是最优的排序方式了,因为 MySQL 不需要进行实际的排序操作。
假设我们在Table A 和 B 上执行如下SQL:
1 sky@localhost : example 01:44:28> EXPLAIN SELECT A.* FROM A,B 2 3 -> WHERE A.c1 > 2 AND A.c2 5 AND A.c2 = B.c2 ORDER BY A.c1\G 4 5 *************************** 1. row *************************** 6 7 id: 1 8 9 select_type: SIMPLE 10 11 table: A 12 13 type: range 14 15 possible_keys: PRIMARY 16 17 key: PRIMARY 18 19 key_len: 4 20 21 ref: NULL 22 23 rows: 3 24 25 Extra: Using where 26 27 *************************** 2. row *************************** 28 29 id: 1 30 31 select_type: SIMPLE 32 33 table: B 34 35 type: ref 36 37 possible_keys: B_c2_ind 38 39 key: B_c2_ind 40 41 key_len: 7 42 43 ref: example.A.c2 44 45 rows: 2 46 47 Extra: Using where; Using index |
我们通过执行计划可以看出,MySQL实际上并没有进行实际的排序操作,实际上其整个执行过程如下图所示:

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