Comparative analysis of class methods and object methods in Go language

For class methods and object methods in the Go language, they differ in definition location, calling method, instantiation requirements, typical usage and accessibility. Class methods are defined on the structure type and are called directly using the structure type name without instantiation. They are used for initialization, verification and providing public functions. Object methods are defined on the object and must be instantiated before they can be called. They are used to operate the object state and provide private helper functions, which can only be accessed from within the package.

Comparative analysis of class methods and object methods in Go language

Introduction

In Go language, Methods can be defined at type level (class methods) or object level (object methods). These two method types have different behavior and usage. This article will analyze the differences between these two method types and illustrate their use with practical examples.

Class methods

• Methods defined on the structure type.
• Can be called directly using the structure type name.
• No need to instantiate the structure to use.
• Typical usage: initializing structure, verifying input, public auxiliary functions.

Example:

type Person struct {
    Name string
    Age  int
}

// 定义Person类型的类方法
func (p *Person) GetNameAndAge() string {
    return fmt.Sprintf("%s, %d", p.Name, p.Age)
}

func main() {
    // 直接使用类方法
    nameAndAge := Person{Name: "John", Age: 30}.GetNameAndAge()
    fmt.Println(nameAndAge)
}

Object method

• Defined on the object (structure instance) method.
• The structure must be instantiated before it can be used.
• Typical usage: operating object status, private helper function.

Example:

type Rectangle struct {
    Width  float64
    Height float64
}

// 定义Rectangle类型的对象方法
func (r Rectangle) Area() float64 {
    return r.Width * r.Height
}

func main() {
    // 实例化Rectangle
    rect := Rectangle{Width: 10, Height: 5}

    // 使用对象方法
    area := rect.Area()
    fmt.Println(area)
}

Difference comparison

Features	Class method	Object method
Definition location	Structure type	Structure instance
Calling method	Structure type name.Method name	Object.Method name
Instantiation Requirements	None	Required
Typical usage	Initialization, verification, public functions	Operation object status , Private functions
Accessibility	Accessible within and outside the package	Accessible only from within the package

Practical Case

In actual projects, class methods and object methods have their own application scenarios.

• Class methods:

  • Validate user input
  • Initialize new instance
  • Provide public Helper functions

• Object methods:

  • Calculate the area or volume of an object
  • Compare objects Similarity between
  • Modify the internal state of the object

Conclusion

Class methods in Go language and object methods provide a flexible way to define and use methods flexibly. Understanding the differences between the two method types is critical to writing clear, well-maintained code.

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