What is the difference between php7 and php8

Main differences between PHP 8 and PHP 7 include: property type declarations, union types, null coalescing operator, JIT compiler, optimized memory management, preloading capabilities, Enum types, improved exception handling and modern syntax .

The main difference between PHP 7 and PHP 8

PHP 8 is a major version upgrade of PHP 7, bringing Many new features and performance improvements. Here are the main differences between PHP 7 and PHP 8:

Language features:

• Attribute type declaration:Introduced in PHP 8 Property type declaration allows specifying types for object properties.
• Union type: PHP 8 supports union types, allowing variables to have multiple types at the same time.
• null coalescing operator: PHP 8 introduces the new "??=" operator, which is used to determine whether a variable is null and assign a default value.

Performance improvement:

• JIT compiler: PHP 8 integrates a JIT (just-in-time compiler) compiler, Can improve execution speed.
• Optimize memory management: PHP 8 improves memory management and reduces the overhead of memory allocation and release.
• Preloading function: PHP 8 adds a preloading function, allowing commonly used functions and classes to be loaded before script execution, thereby improving response speed.

Other improvements:

• Enum type: PHP 8 introduced the Enum type, providing a safe and secure type Safe way to represent enumeration values.
• Improved exception handling: PHP 8 has improved exception handling, introducing new exception types and new syntax for throwing exceptions.
• Modern syntax: PHP 8 removes outdated syntax features and introduces a more concise and modern syntax.

Example:

Property type declaration in PHP 7:

<code class="php">// 无法指定类型
class Foo {
    public $name;
}</code>

In PHP 8 Property type declaration for:

<code class="php">// 指定类型为字符串
class Foo {
    public string $name;
}</code>

Union type in PHP 7:

<code class="php">// 不可行，PHP 7 不支持联合类型
function foo($bar) {}</code>

Union type in PHP 8:

<code class="php">// 指定联合类型为字符串或整数
function foo(string|int $bar) {}</code>

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