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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorial自动恢复MySQL数据库的日志文件_MySQL

如果mysql服务器启用了二进制日志,你可以使用mysqlbinlog工具来恢复从指定的时间点开始 (例如,从你最后一次备份)直到现在或另一个指定的时间点的数据。“mysqlbinlog:用于处理二进制日志文件的实用工具”。

要想从二进制日志恢复数据,你需要知道当前二进制日志文件的路径和文件名。一般可以从选项文件(即my.cnf or my.ini,取决于你的系统)中找到路径。如果未包含在选项文件中,当服务器启动时,可以在命令行中以选项的形式给出。启用二进制日志的选项为--log-bin。要想确定当前的二进制日志文件的文件名,输入下面的MySQL语句:

SHOW BINLOG EVENTS /G

你还可以从命令行输入下面的内容:

mysql --user=root -pmy_pwd -e 'SHOW BINLOG EVENTS /G'

将密码my_pwd替换为服务器的root密码。

1. 指定恢复时间

对于MySQL 4.1.4,可以在mysqlbinlog语句中通过--start-date和--stop-date选项指定DATETIME格式的起止时间。举例说明,假设在今天上午10:00(今天是2006年4月20日),执行SQL语句来删除一个大表。要想恢复表和数据,你可以恢复前晚上的备份,并输入:

mysqlbinlog --stop-date="2005-04-20 9:59:59" /var/log/mysql/bin.123456 /
  mysql -u root -pmypwd

该命令将恢复截止到在--stop-date选项中以DATETIME格式给出的日期和时间的所有数据。如果你没有检测到几个小时后输入的错误的SQL语句,可能你想要恢复后面发生的活动。根据这些,你可以用起使日期和时间再次运行mysqlbinlog:

mysqlbinlog --start-date="2005-04-20 10:01:00" /var/log/mysql/bin.123456 /
  mysql -u root -pmypwd /

在该行中,从上午10:01登录的SQL语句将运行。组合执行前夜的转储文件和mysqlbinlog的两行可以将所有数据恢复到上午10:00前一秒钟。你应检查日志以确保时间确切。下一节介绍如何实现。

2. 指定恢复位置

也可以不指定日期和时间,而使用mysqlbinlog的选项--start-position和--stop-position来指定日志位置。它们的作用与起止日选项相同,不同的是给出了从日志起的位置号。使用日志位置是更准确的恢复方法,特别是当由于破坏性SQL语句同时发生许多事务的时候。要想确定位置号,可以运行mysqlbinlog寻找执行了不期望的事务的时间范围,但应将结果重新指向文本文件以便进行检查。操作方法为:

mysqlbinlog --start-date="2005-04-20 9:55:00" --stop-date="2005-04-20 10:05:00" /
  /var/log/mysql/bin.123456 > /tmp/mysql_restore.sql

该命令将在/tmp目录创建小的文本文件,将显示执行了错误的SQL语句时的SQL语句。你可以用文本编辑器打开该文件,寻找你不要想重复的语句。如果二进制日志中的位置号用于停止和继续恢复操作,应进行注释。用log_pos加一个数字来标记位置。使用位置号恢复了以前的备份文件后,你应从命令行输入下面内容:

mysqlbinlog --stop-position="368312" /var/log/mysql/bin.123456 /
mysql -u root -pmypwd
mysqlbinlog --start-position="368315" /var/log/mysql/bin.123456 /

mysql -u root -pmypwd /

上面的第1行将恢复到停止位置为止的所有事务。下一行将恢复从给定的起始位置直到二进制日志结束的所有事务。因为mysqlbinlog的输出包括每个SQL语句记录之前的SET TIMESTAMP语句,恢复的数据和相关MySQL日志将反应事务执行的原时间

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