Master the key skills of Go language interface development
When learning Go language interface development, it is very important to master key skills. This article will introduce some key techniques and help readers better understand through specific code examples.
1. Basic concept of interface
In Go language, interface is an abstract data type that defines a set of methods. Any type that implements this set of methods can be said to implement this interface. The definition of the interface is as follows:
type MyInterface interface { Method1() string Method2() int }
In this example, MyInterface
is an interface that contains two methods Method1
and Method2
. Any type that implements these two methods can be used as the MyInterface
type.
2. Implementation of interface
The implementation of interface refers to how a specific type implements the methods defined in the interface. The following is an example of implementing an interface:
type MyStruct struct { data string } func (m MyStruct) Method1() string { return m.data } func (m MyStruct) Method2() int { return len(m.data) }
In this example, the MyStruct
type implements Method1
and ## in the MyInterface
interface #Method2Method.
3. Polymorphism of interfaces
Polymorphism of interfaces means that a variable of an interface type can save the value of any type that implements the interface. The following is an example:func PrintData(i MyInterface) { fmt.Println(i.Method1()) fmt.Println(i.Method2()) } func main() { s := MyStruct{data: "hello"} PrintData(s) }In this example, we define a
PrintData function that accepts a parameter of type
MyInterface and calls its method. In the
main function, we create a variable
s of type
MyStruct and pass it as a parameter to the
PrintData function. Since the
MyStruct type implements the
MyInterface interface, it can be passed to the
PrintData function.
4. Empty interface
Empty interface refers to an interface that does not contain any methods and can accept any type of value. The following is an example:var i interface{} i = 42 fmt.Println(i) i = "hello" fmt.Println(i)In this example, we define an empty interface
interface{} type variable
i, and then convert integers and strings respectively Assign a value to it and print out its value.
5. Type assertion
Type assertion is the operation of converting a variable of an interface type into a specific type. Here is an example:var i interface{} i = "hello" s, ok := i.(string) if ok { fmt.Println(s) }In this example, we assign a string to the empty interface
i, and then use type assertions to convert it to the string type and print it out.
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