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mysql安装笔记


学习了很长时间的linux,有必要做一下整理笔记了,以下是mysql的安装笔记,和常见的一些使用方法。
因我喜欢调试优化系统,所以在编译安装时使用了一些选项增加编程后程序的执行效率,有些可能我理解有错,希望大家指出.

●安装mysql
# tar zxvf mysql-4.0.14.tar.gz -C /setup
# cd /setup/mysql-4.0.14
# groupadd mysql
# useradd mysql -g mysql -M -s /bin/false
# ./configure --prefix=/web/mysql / 指定安装目录
      --without-debug /去除debug模式
      --with-extra-charsets=gb2312 /添加gb2312中文字符支持
      --enable-assembler /使用一些字符函数的汇编版本
      --without-isam /去掉isam表类型支持 现在很少用了 isam表是一种依赖平台的表
      --without-innodb /去掉innodb表支持 innodb是一种支持事务处理的表,适合企业级应用
      --with-pthread /强制使用pthread库(posix线程库)
      --enable-thread-safe-client /以线程方式编译客户端
      --with-client-ldflags=-all-static /
      --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static /以纯静态方式编译服务端和客户端       --with-raid /激活raid支持
     
# make
# make install       
# scripts/mysql_install_db /生成mysql用户数据库和表文件
# cp support-files/my-medium.cnf /etc/my.cnf /copy配置文件,有large,medium,small三个环境下的,根据机器性能选择,如果负荷比较大,可修改里面的一些变量的内存使用值
# cp support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld  /copy启动的mysqld文件
# chmod 700 /etc/init.d/mysqld
# cd /web
# chmod 750 mysql -R
# chgrp mysql mysql -R
# chown mysql mysql/var -R
# cd /web/mysql/libexec
# cp mysqld mysqld.old
# strip mysqld
# chkconfig --add mysqld
# chkconfig --level 345 mysqld on
# service mysqld start
# netstat -atln
看看有没有3306的端口打开,如果mysqld不能启动,看看/web/mysql/var下的出错日志,一般都是目录权限没有设置好的问题
# ln -s /web/mysql/bin/mysql /sbin/mysql
# ln -s /web/mysql/bin/mysqladmin /sbin/mysqladmin
# mysqladmin -uroot password "youpassword" #设置root帐户的密码
# mysql -uroot -p
# 输入你设置的密码
mysql>use mysql;
mysql>delete from user where password=""; #删除用于本机匿名连接的空密码帐号
mysql>flush privileges;
mysql>quit

●安装DBI和DBD for mysql 用于提供perl访问mysql数据库的接口规范,请确认你已经安装了perl,一般默认系统都装上了

# cd /setup
# tar zxvf DBD-mysql-2.9002.tar.gz -C /setup
# tar zxvf DBI-1.38.tar.gz -C /setup
# cd DBI-1.38
# perl Makefile.PL
# make 
# make test
# make install
因为有的perl程序中perl的路径是/usr/local/bin/perl,而红帽系统默认是/usr/bin/perl,所以最好做一个连接,保证兼容性
# ln -s /usr/bin/perl /usr/local/bin/perl
# cd ../DBD-mysql-2.9002
生成安装配置文件需要在perl Makefile.PL后添加一些参数,比较麻烦,我们可以通过添加一个到/web/mysql/bin/mysql_config这个程序的连接解决问题
系统会自动寻找这个命令生成安装所需要的数据库参数
# ln -s /web/mysql/bin/mysql_config  /sbin/mysql_config
# perl Makefile.PL
# make 
# make instll (这里make test我总是运行一半就出错,但是安装后是可以运行mysql目录下的测试脚本,不知道3.x的mysql如何)
现在你可以运行测试脚本了,不过速度很慢,挂在后台好了
# perl /web/mysql/sql-bench/run-all-tests --user=root --password="youpassword"


附:
●mysql常见的一些有用的选项和命令
mysqld -----开启日志支持
--log 
--log-update
--log-long-formart
●mysql
grant all on database.* to user identified by "password" 新建一user用户,赋予其database数据库的所有权限
revoke all on database from user 移除user用户在database数据库上的所有权限
mysql -uroot -p --one-database databasename ●mysqladmin
mysqladmin flush-logs 命令mysqld重新打开一个新的日志文件,就是清空老日志文件,相当于轮回了
●mysqldump 
--add-drop-table 导出sql语句时添加droptable if exists语句
--quick 快速导出
--opt  优化选项(推荐)
●myisamchk
检查表选项
--extend-check 扩展检查
--medium-check 速度比较折中的一个检查选项
修复表选项
--recover 修复表文件
--safe-recover 安全修复表文件,比--recover要慢
修饰修复表项
--force 强制清除上次的临时文件
--quick 只根据素引文件的内容进行修复
●mysql的管理
可以使用phpmyadmin(需要php的环境支持)和mysqlcc(linux图形界面支持,WINDOWS系统支持

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