表的故障检测和修正的一般过程如下:
◆ 检查出错的表。如果该表检查通过,则完成任务,否则必须修复出错的数据库表。
◆ 在开始修复之前对表文件进行拷贝,以保证数据的安全。
◆ 开始修复数据库表。
◆ 如果修复失败,从数据库的备份或更新日志中恢复数据。
在使用myisamchk或isamchk检查或修复表之前,应该首先注意:
◆ 建立数据库备份和使用更新日志,以防修复失败,丢失数据。
◆ 仔细阅读本章内容以后再进行操作,尤其是不应该在阅读“避免与MySQL服务器交互作用”之前进行操作。因为,在你没有足够的知识之前贸然操作,可能会引起严重的后果。
◆ 如果你在Unix平台上对表进行维护时,应该首先注册到专用的帐户 mysql,以避免对表读写访问产生所有权的问题,以及破坏数据库目录的所有权限。
数据库表的维护工具
MySQL的myisanchk和isamchk实用程序很类似,基本上它们具有同样的使用方法。它们之间的主要区别时所使用的表的类型。为了检查/修复MyISAM表(.MYI和.MYD),你应该使用myisamchk实用程序。为了检查/修复ISAM表(.ISM和.ISD),你应该使用isamchk实用程序。
◆ 为了使用任一个使用程序,应指明你要检查或修复的表,myisamchk和isamchk的使用方法为:
shell>myisamchk options tbl_name shell>isamchk options tbl_name
如果你愿意,你可以在命令行命名几个表。
◆ 你也能指定一个名字作为一个索引文件(用“ .MYI”或“.ISM”后缀),它允许你通过使用模式“*.MYI”或“.ISM”指定在一个目录所有的表。例如,如果你在一个数据库目录,你可以这样在目录下检查所有的表:
shell> myisamchk *.MYI shell>isamchk *.ISM
◆ 如果你不在数据库目录下,你可指定目录的路径:
shell> myisamchk options /path/to/database_dir/*.MYI shell> isamchk options /path/to/database_dir/*.ISM
◆ 你甚至可以通过为MySQL数据目录的路径指定一个通配符来作用于所有的数据库中的所有表:
shell> myisamchk options /path/to/datadir/*/*.MYIshell> isamchk options /path/to/database_dir/*/*.ISM
这个方法无法在windows平台下使用。
注意 不论是myisamchk还是isamchk都不对表所在的位置做任何判断,因此,应该或者在包含表文件的目录运行程序,或者指定表的路径名。这允许你将表文件拷贝到另一个目录中并用该拷贝进行操作。

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