默认情况下,MySQL在执行查找时不区分字母的大小写。当你在查找时使用like 'a%'时, 默认将返回以a或者A开头的所有列值,若要在查找时区分大小写,则需要使用collate运算符来实现,具体例子如下:
col_name COLLATE latin1_general_cs LIKE 'a%'
col_name LIKE 'a%' COLLATE latin1_general_cs
col_name COLLATE latin1_bin LIKE 'a%'
col_name LIKE 'a%' COLLATE latin1_bin
如果想让某列在查找时始终保持区分字母大小写,则需要用case sensitive或binary collation来定义列的特性。
当进行简单比较运算,如>=, >, =,
和空值NULL相关的问题
空值的概念比较容易混淆,有人认为空值NULL和空 字符''是一会时,其实这样认为是错误的,举例来说,
mysql> INSERT INTO my_table (phone) VALUES (NULL);
mysql> INSERT INTO my_table (phone) VALUES ('');
上面两条语句有完全不同的意义和结果。第一句表示,向表中插入的记录中的某人的电话号码NULL,意思是还不知道这 条记录中的人的电话号码,而第二句向表中插入''空字符,就意味着已经知道表中这条记录中的人的电话号码,这个电话号码 是'',也可以确定此人没有正常的电话号码。
帮助处理空值NULL的方法,主要通过执行is null运算判断,is not null运算 判断,和IFNULL()函数运算来实现。在SQL中,任何与NULL发生运算关系的结果都不可能为真(即永远是假)。为了寻找NULL值 ,必须执行is null测试运算。
可以在MyISAM, InnoDB, BDB或MEMORY等存储类型的表列中含有空值时添加index,但该 index必须声明成not null,这样之后将不可以往该列中输入空值。
当使用load data infile语句载入数据时,空值NULL将 被替换成''。使用DISTINCT, GROUP BY, 或ORDER BY时所有空值将被视为等同。像COUNT(), MIN(), SUM()等概要总结函数将忽略空值NULL。
但对一些特殊类型的列来说,比如timestamp类型和具有auto_increment属性的列:前者插入NULL是实际将插入当前时间值,向后者插入NULL时将是下个正整数序列

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