The New SQL Statements 新SQL语句
Variables 变量
在复合语句中声明变量的指令是DECLARE。
(1) Example with two DECLARE statements
两个DECLARE语句的例子
CREATE PROCEDURE p8 ()
BEGIN
DECLARE a INT;
DECLARE b INT;
SET a = 5;
SET b = 5;
INSERT INTO t VALUES (a);
SELECT s1 * a FROM t WHERE s1 >= b;
END; // /* I won't CALL this */
在过程中定义的变量并不是真正的定义,你只是在BEGIN/END块内定义了而已(译注:也就是形参)。
注意这些变量和会话变量不一样,不能使用修饰符@你必须清楚的在BEGIN/END块中声明变量和它们的类型。
变量一旦声明,你就能在任何能使用会话变量、文字、列名的地方使用。
(2)Example with no DEFAULT clause and SET statement
没有默认子句和设定语句的例子
CREATE PROCEDURE p9 ()
BEGIN
DECLARE a INT /* there is no DEFAULT clause */;
DECLARE b INT /* there is no DEFAULT clause */;
SET a = 5; /* there is a SET statement */
SET b = 5; /* there is a SET statement */
INSERT INTO t VALUES (a);
SELECT s1 * a FROM t WHERE s1 >= b;
END; // /* I won't CALL this */
有很多初始化变量的方法。如果没有默认的子句,那么变量的初始值为NULL。你可以在任何时候使用SET语句给变量赋值。
(3)Example with DEFAULT clause
含有DEFAULT子句的例子
CREATE PROCEDURE p10 ()
BEGIN
DECLARE a, b INT DEFAULT 5;
INSERT INTO t VALUES (a);
SELECT s1 * a FROM t WHERE s1 >= b;
END; //
我们在这里做了一些改变,但是结果还是一样的。在这里使用了DEFAULT子句来设定初始值,这就不需要把DECLARE和SET语句的实现分开了。
(4)Example of CALL
调用的例子
mysql> CALL p10() //
+--------+
| s1 * a |
+--------+
| 25 |
| 25 |
+--------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
结果显示了过程能正常工作
(5) Scope
作用域
CREATE PROCEDURE p11 ()
BEGIN
DECLARE x1 CHAR(5) DEFAULT 'outer';
BEGIN
DECLARE x1 CHAR(5) DEFAULT 'inner';
SELECT x1;
END;
SELECT x1;
END; //
现在我们来讨论一下作用域的问题。例子中有嵌套的BEGIN/END块,当然这是合法的。同时包含两个变量,名字都是x1,这样也是合法的。内部的变量在其作用域内享有更高的优先权。当执行到END语句时,内部变量消失,此时已经在其作用域外,变量不再可见了,因此在存储过程外再也不能找到这个声明了的变量,但是你可以通过OUT参数或者将其值指派 给会话变量来保存其值。
调用作用域例子的过程:
mysql> CALL p11()//
+-------+
| x1 |
+-------+
| inner |
+-------+
+-------+
| x1 |
+-------+
| outer |
+-------+
我们看到的结果时第一个SELECT语句检索到最内层的变量,第二个检索到第二层的变量

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