Research on the garbage collection mechanism of Go language

As a developer-friendly programming language, Go language is praised for its efficiency, simplicity and powerful features. Among them, its garbage collection mechanism is one of its unique features, providing convenience and convenience to developers. This article will deeply explore the garbage collection mechanism of Go language, explore its implementation principles and specific code examples.

Garbage collection is an automatic memory management mechanism that is used to identify and recycle memory resources that are no longer used when the program is running, to avoid memory leaks and improve program performance. The garbage collection mechanism of the Go language uses a combination of escape analysis and mark-and-sweep algorithms, which is highly efficient and low-latency.

In the Go language, the garbage collector periodically checks the objects in memory, marks those objects that are still referenced, and then clears those objects that are no longer referenced to free up memory space. In addition to the mark-and-clear algorithm, the Go language also introduces concurrent marking and concurrent clearing mechanisms to reduce the pause time caused by garbage collection and improve the response speed of the program.

The following is a simple Go language code example that shows how to manually trigger garbage collection to release memory space:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "runtime"
)

func main() {
    var mem runtime.MemStats
    runtime.ReadMemStats(&mem)
    fmt.Printf("初始内存分配： %d bytes
", mem.Alloc)

    for i := 0; i < 10; i++ {
        s := make([]int, 10000)
        _ = s
    }

    runtime.GC()

    runtime.ReadMemStats(&mem)
    fmt.Printf("触发垃圾回收后的内存分配： %d bytes
", mem.Alloc)

}

In the above code, first pass runtime.MemStatsStructure to obtain the memory allocation status, then create a series of slices, and finally call the runtime.GC() function to manually trigger garbage collection. Finally, print the memory allocation situation again, and you can see that the memory is released after garbage collection is triggered.

The garbage collection mechanism of the Go language greatly reduces the memory management burden of developers and improves the stability and performance of the program. At the same time, developers can also better control the allocation and release of memory resources by manually triggering garbage collection. I hope this article will help everyone understand the garbage collection mechanism of Go language.

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