一、在编译时优化MySQL
如果你从源代码分发安装MySQL,要注意,编译过程对以后的目标程序性能有重要的影响,不同的编译方式可能得到类似的目标文件,但性能可能相差很大,因此,在编译安装MySQL适应仔细根据你的应用类型选择最可能好的编译选项。这种定制的MySQL可以为你的应用提供最佳性能。
技巧:选用较好的编译器和较好的编译器选项,这样应用可提高性能10-30%。(MySQL文档如是说)
1.1、使用pgcc(Pentium GCC)编译器
该编译器(http://www.goof.com/pcg/)针对运行在奔腾处理器系统上的程序进行优化,用pgcc编译MySQL源代码,总体性能可提高10%。当然如果你的服务器不是用奔腾处理器,就不必用它了,因为它是专为奔腾系统设计的。
1.2、仅使用你想使用的字符集编译MySQL
MySQL目前提供多达24种不同的字符集,为全球用户以他们自己的语言插入或查看表中的数据。却省情况下,MySQL安装所有者这些字符集,热然而,最好的选择是指选择一种你需要的。如,禁止除Latin1字符集以外的所有其它字符集:
%>./configure -with-extra-charsets=none [--other-configuration-options]
1.3、将mysqld编译成静态执行文件
将mysqld编译成静态执行文件而无需共享库也能获得更好的性能。通过在配置时指定下列选项,可静态编译mysqld。
%>./configure -with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static [--other-configuration-options]
1.4、配置样本
下列配置命令常用于提高性能:
%>CFLAGS="-O6 -mpentiumpro -fomit-frame-pointer" CXX=gcc CXXFLAGS="-O6 -mpentiumpro -fomit-frame-pointer -felide-constructors -fno-exceptions -fno-rtti" ./configure --prefix=/usr/local --enable-assembler --with-mysqld-ldflags=-all-static --disable-shared
二、调整服务器
确保运用正确的编译固然重要,但这只是成功的第一步,配置众多的MySQL变量同样对服务器的正常运行起关键作用。你可以将这些变量的赋值存在一个配置文件中,以确保它们在每次启动MySQL时均起作用,这个配置文件就是my.cnf文件。
MySQL已经提供了几个my.cnf文件的样本,可在/usr/local/mysqld/share/mysql/目录下找到。这些文件分别命名为my-small.cnf、 my-medium.cnf、my-large.cnf和my-huge.cnf,规模说明可在描述配置文件适用的系统类型标题中找到。如果在只有相当少内存的系统上运行MySQL,而且只是偶尔的用一下,那么my-small.cnf会比较理想,因为它命令mysqld只使用最少的资源。类似地,如果你计划构建电子商务超市,而且系统拥有2G内存,那么你可能要用到mysql-huge.cnf文件了。
为了利用这些文件中的一个,你需要复制一个最适合需求的文件,改名为my.cnf。你可以选择使用配置文件三种作用范围的一种:
Global:将my.cnf文件复制到服务器的/etc目录下,这使得配置文件中的变量作用于全局,即对所有服务器上的MySQL数据库服务器有效。
Local:将my.cnf文件复制到[MYSQL-INSTALL-DIR]/var/目录下,使得my.cnf作用于特定的服务器。[MYSQL-INSTALL-DIR]表示MySQL安装目录。
User:你可以再限制作用于特定的用户,将my.cnf复制到用户的根目录下。
究竟如何设置my.cnf中的这些变量呢?更进一步说,你可以设置哪一个变量。虽然所用变量对MySQL服务器相对通用,每一个变量与MySQL的的某些组件有更特定的关系。如变量max_connects归在mysqld类别下。执行下列命令即可知道:
%>/usr/local/mysql/libexec/mysqld --help
它显示大量的选项及与mysqld相关的变量。你可以很容易地在该行文字之下找出变量:
Possible variables for option --set-variable (-O) are
然后你可以如下设置my.cnf中的那些变量:
set-variable = max_connections=100
它设置MySQL服务器的最大并发连接数为100。要确保在my.cnf文件中的[mysqld]标题下插入变量设置。

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