INSERT语法INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY |DELAYED| HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE] [INTO]tbl_name[(col_name,...)] VALUES ({expr| DEFAULT},...),(...),... [ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATEcol_name=expr, ... ]或:INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY |DELAYED| HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE] [INTO]tbl_name SETcol_name={expr| DEFAULT}, ... [ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATEcol_name=expr, ... ]或:INSERT [LOW_PRIORITY | HIGH_PRIORITY] [IGNORE] [INTO]tbl_name[(col_name,...)] SELECT ... [ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATEcol_name=expr, ... ] 一、DELAYED的使用
使用延迟插入操作DELAYED调节符应用于INSERT和REPLACE语句。当DELAYED插入操作到达的时候,服务器把数据行放入一个队列中,并立即给客户端返回一个状态信息,这样客户端就可以在数据表被真正地插入记录之前继续进行操作了。如果读取者从该数据表中读取数据,队列中的数据就会被保持着,直到没有读取者为止。接着服务器开始插入延迟数据行(delayed-row)队列中的数据行。在插入操作的同时,服务器还要检查是否有新的读取请求到达和等待。如果有,延迟数据行队列就被挂起,允许读取者继续操作。当没有读取者的时候,服务器再次开始插入延迟的数据行。这个过程一直进行,直到队列空了为止。几点要注意事项:· INSERT DELAYED应该仅用于指定值清单的INSERT语句。服务器忽略用于INSERT DELAYED...SELECT语句的DELAYED。· 服务器忽略用于INSERT DELAYED...ON DUPLICATE UPDATE语句的DELAYED。· 因为在行被插入前,语句立刻返回,所以您不能使用LAST_INSERT_ID()来获取AUTO_INCREMENT值。AUTO_INCREMENT值可能由语句生成。· 对于SELECT语句,DELAYED行不可见,直到这些行确实被插入了为止。· DELAYED在从属复制服务器中被忽略了,因为DELAYED不会在从属服务器中产生与主服务器不一样的数据。注意,目前在队列中的各行只保存在存储器中,直到它们被插入到表中为止。这意味着,如果您强行中止了mysqld(例如,使用kill -9)或者如果mysqld意外停止,则所有没有被写入磁盘的行都会丢失。
二、IGNORE的使用
IGNORE是MySQL相对于标准SQL的扩展。如果在新表中有重复关键字,或者当STRICT模式启动后出现警告,则使用IGNORE控制ALTER TABLE的运行。如果没有指定IGNORE,当重复关键字错误发生时,复制操作被放弃,返回前一步骤。如果指定了IGNORE,则对于有重复关键字的行,只使用第一行,其它有冲突的行被删除。并且,对错误值进行修正,使之尽量接近正确值。insert ignore into tb(...) value(...)这样不用校验是否存在了,有则忽略,无则添加
三、ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE的使用
如果您指定了ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE,并且插入行后会导致在一个UNIQUE索引或PRIMARY KEY中出现重复值,则执行旧行UPDATE。例如,如果列a被定义为UNIQUE,并且包含值1,则以下两个语句具有相同的效果:mysql>INSERT INTO table (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,3) ->ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c=c+1; mysql>UPDATE table SET c=c+1 WHERE a=1;如果行作为新记录被插入,则受影响行的值为1;如果原有的记录被更新,则受影响行的值为2。注释:如果列b也是唯一列,则INSERT与此UPDATE语句相当:mysql>UPDATE table SET c=c+1 WHERE a=1 OR b=2 LIMIT 1;如果a=1 OR b=2与多个行向匹配,则只有一个行被更新。通常,您应该尽量避免对带有多个唯一关键字的表使用ON DUPLICATE KEY子句。您可以在UPDATE子句中使用VALUES(col_name)函数从INSERT...UPDATE语句的INSERT部分引用列值。换句话说,如果没有发生重复关键字冲突,则UPDATE子句中的VALUES(col_name)可以引用被插入的col_name的值。本函数特别适用于多行插入。VALUES()函数只在INSERT...UPDATE语句中有意义,其它时候会返回NULL。示例:mysql>INSERT INTO table (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,3),(4,5,6) ->ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c=VALUES(a)+VALUES(b);本语句与以下两个语句作用相同:mysql>INSERT INTO table (a,b,c) VALUES (1,2,3) ->ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c=3;mysql>INSERT INTO table (a,b,c) VALUES (4,5,6) ->ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE c=9;当您使用ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE时,DELAYED选项被忽略。 总结:DELAYED 做为快速插入,并不是很关心失效性,提高插入性能。 ignore 只关注主键对应记录是不存在,无则添加,有则忽略。 ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE 在添加时操作,关注非主键列,注意与ignore的区别。有则更新指定列,无则添加。

ACID attributes include atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability, and are the cornerstone of database design. 1. Atomicity ensures that the transaction is either completely successful or completely failed. 2. Consistency ensures that the database remains consistent before and after a transaction. 3. Isolation ensures that transactions do not interfere with each other. 4. Persistence ensures that data is permanently saved after transaction submission.

MySQL is not only a database management system (DBMS) but also closely related to programming languages. 1) As a DBMS, MySQL is used to store, organize and retrieve data, and optimizing indexes can improve query performance. 2) Combining SQL with programming languages, embedded in Python, using ORM tools such as SQLAlchemy can simplify operations. 3) Performance optimization includes indexing, querying, caching, library and table division and transaction management.

MySQL uses SQL commands to manage data. 1. Basic commands include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE. 2. Advanced usage involves JOIN, subquery and aggregate functions. 3. Common errors include syntax, logic and performance issues. 4. Optimization tips include using indexes, avoiding SELECT* and using LIMIT.

MySQL is an efficient relational database management system suitable for storing and managing data. Its advantages include high-performance queries, flexible transaction processing and rich data types. In practical applications, MySQL is often used in e-commerce platforms, social networks and content management systems, but attention should be paid to performance optimization, data security and scalability.

The relationship between SQL and MySQL is the relationship between standard languages and specific implementations. 1.SQL is a standard language used to manage and operate relational databases, allowing data addition, deletion, modification and query. 2.MySQL is a specific database management system that uses SQL as its operating language and provides efficient data storage and management.

InnoDB uses redologs and undologs to ensure data consistency and reliability. 1.redologs record data page modification to ensure crash recovery and transaction persistence. 2.undologs records the original data value and supports transaction rollback and MVCC.

Key metrics for EXPLAIN commands include type, key, rows, and Extra. 1) The type reflects the access type of the query. The higher the value, the higher the efficiency, such as const is better than ALL. 2) The key displays the index used, and NULL indicates no index. 3) rows estimates the number of scanned rows, affecting query performance. 4) Extra provides additional information, such as Usingfilesort prompts that it needs to be optimized.

Usingtemporary indicates that the need to create temporary tables in MySQL queries, which are commonly found in ORDERBY using DISTINCT, GROUPBY, or non-indexed columns. You can avoid the occurrence of indexes and rewrite queries and improve query performance. Specifically, when Usingtemporary appears in EXPLAIN output, it means that MySQL needs to create temporary tables to handle queries. This usually occurs when: 1) deduplication or grouping when using DISTINCT or GROUPBY; 2) sort when ORDERBY contains non-index columns; 3) use complex subquery or join operations. Optimization methods include: 1) ORDERBY and GROUPB


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