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HomeDatabaseMysql Tutorialmysql处理添加外键时 error 150 问题_MySQL

Mysql外键

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当你试图在mysql中创建一个外键的时候,这个出错会经常发生,这是非常令人沮丧的。像这种不能创建一个.frm 文件的报错好像暗示着操作系统的文件的权限错误或者其它原因,但实际上,这些都不是的,事实上,这个mysql报错已经被报告是一个mysql本身的bug并出现在mysql 开发者列表当中很多年了,然而这似乎又是一种误导。

在很多实例中,这种错误的发生都是因为mysql一直以来都不能很好的支持的关系的问题, 更不幸的是它也并没有指明到底是哪一个问题会导致上面那种错误,下面我把导致这个可怕 的150错误的常见原因列出来了,并且我以可能性的大小作了排序

 

已知的原因:

1, 两个字段的类型或者大小不严格匹配,例如,如果一个是INT(10), 那么外键也必须设置成INT(10), 而不是 INT(11) 也不能是 TINYINT. 你得使用 SHOW 命令来查看字段的大小,因为一些查询浏览器有时候把 int(10) 和int(11) 都显示为integer。另外,你还必须确定两个字段是否一个为 SIGNED,而另一个又是UNSIGNED, 这两字段必须严格地一致匹配,更多关于signed 和 unsigned 的信息,请参阅:http://www.verysimple.com/blog/?p=57

 

2, 你试图引用的其中一个外键没有建立起索引,或者不是一个primary key , 如果其中一个不是primary key 的放,你必须为它创建一个索引。

 

3, 外键的名字是一个已经存在的一个键值了,这个时候,你应该检查你的数据库以确保外健名字是唯一的,或者你在键名后面加上几个随机的字符以测试是否是这个原因。

 

4, 其中一个或者两个表是MyISAM引擎的表,若想要使用外键约束,必须是InnoDB引擎,(实际上,如果两个表都是MyISAM 引擎的,这个错误根本不会发生,但也不会产生外键),你可以通过查询浏览器来设置表的引擎类型

 

5, 你可能设置了ON DELETE SET NULL, 但是相关的键的字段又设置成了NOTS NULL 值。你可能通过修改cascade 的属性值或者把字段属性设置成 allow null 来搞定这个bug.

 

6, 请确定你的Charset 和 Collate 选项在表级和字段级上的一致

 

7, 你可能设置为外键设置了一个默认值,如 default=0

 

8, 在这个关系里面,其中的一个字段是一个混合键值中的一个,它没有自己独立的索引,这时,你必须为它创建一个独立的索引。

 

9, ALTER 声明中有语法错误

 

 

1、外键的引用类型不一样,主键是int外键是char


2、找不到主表中 引用的列


3、主键和外键的字符编码不一致


4.还有要建立外键的话,要先建立索引。没有建立索引也会出错。


我的问题解决方案是在sql后面加上了如下句话,ok!成功导入脚本
ENGINE=INNODB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
charset对应的换成你的主键表的字符集!

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