In-depth discussion of the difference between blocking and non-blocking Golang coroutines

Golang is a programming language that excels in concurrency. Goroutine is a lightweight thread implementation that can help developers better handle Concurrent tasks. In Golang, coroutines can be divided into two modes: blocking and non-blocking. This article will delve into the differences between Golang coroutines in blocking and non-blocking modes and provide specific code examples to help readers better understand this concept.

1. Blocking mode

In blocking mode, when a coroutine performs a blocking operation, the entire coroutine will be suspended until the operation is completed. This means that the execution of the program waits for the operation to complete and cannot continue to perform other tasks. In Golang, common blocking operations include IO operations, network requests, etc.

The following is a sample code using blocking mode:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)

func main() {
    go longRunningTask()
    time.Sleep(5 * time.Second)
}

func longRunningTask() {
    fmt.Println("Start executing a long task...")
    time.Sleep(10 * time.Second)
    fmt.Println("Long task execution completed!")
}

In the above example, the longRunningTask function is a simulated long task that sleeps for 10 seconds. In the main function, we started a coroutine through the go keyword to execute the longRunningTask function, but because the main coroutine called time. Sleep to wait for 5 seconds, so the entire program will be blocked for 5 seconds before ending.

2. Non-blocking mode

Compared with blocking mode, coroutines in non-blocking mode can still continue to process other tasks when they encounter blocking operations during the execution of some tasks. Thereby improving the concurrency performance of the program. Golang implements non-blocking task scheduling by using select statements and chan channels.

The following is a sample code using non-blocking mode:

package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "time"
)

func main() {
    ch := make(chan bool)
    go longRunningTask(ch)
    for {
        select {
        case <-ch:
            fmt.Println("Long task execution completed!")
            return
        default:
            fmt.Println("Perform other tasks while waiting for long tasks to complete...")
            time.Sleep(1 * time.Second)
        }
    }
}

func longRunningTask(ch chan bool) {
    fmt.Println("Start executing a long task...")
    time.Sleep(10 * time.Second)
    fmt.Println("Long task execution completed!")
    ch <- true
}

In the above example, we used a chan channel to notify the main coroutine that the long-term task has been completed. In the main function, we start a coroutine to execute the longRunningTask function, and use the select statement to determine whether the task has been completed. Even while waiting for a long task to complete, the main coroutine can continue to perform other tasks without being blocked.

3. Summary

Through the above example code, we can see the specific performance of blocking mode and non-blocking mode in Golang coroutine. Blocking mode will cause the entire program to be suspended when performing blocking operations, while non-blocking mode can make full use of the concurrency characteristics of coroutines to achieve concurrent execution among multiple tasks.

In actual applications, developers need to choose the appropriate mode based on the nature and needs of the task to optimize the performance and concurrency of the program. By deeply understanding the blocking and non-blocking modes of Golang coroutines, you can better utilize Golang's concurrency capabilities and improve program efficiency and performance.

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