bitsCN.com
xtrabackup 是 percona 的一个开源项目,可以热备份innodb ,XtraDB,和MyISAM(会锁表)
官方网址http://www.percona.com/docs/wiki/percona-xtrabackup:start
安装:
rpm -ivh --nodephotoshop/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>ps xtrabackup-1.2-22.rhel5.x86_64.rpm
--nodephotoshop/ target=_blank class=infotextkey>ps(不检查软件间的依赖关系),因为安装xtrabackup需要mysql_client,但是我的是通过源码安装的。
前奏:
环境变量要设置正确
比如 export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin 如果mysql没有设置到PATH里 会报错。
1.innobackupex-1.5.1 和 xtrabackup备份详解
========================================================================================
innobackupex-1.5.1会根据/et/my.cnf来确定MySQL的数据位置。
1.普通备份:
innobackupex-1.5.1 [--defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf] --user=root [--host=192.168.1.52] [--password=xxx] [--port=3306]
/data/back_data/ 2>/data/back_data/1.log
备份的目录是/data/back_data/
这里的2>/data/back_data/1.log,是将备份过程中的输出信息重定向到1.log
innobackupex-1.5.1 --slave-info .....
--slave-info会记录复制主日志的 复制点,便于重新做复制用。(用在备份从机器用)
备份后的文件:
xtrabackup_binlog_info -- 存放binlog的信息。(binlog需要另外拷贝备份,如果需要binlog的话)
xtrabackup_checkpoints -- 存放备份的起始位置和结束位置。
恢复:
首先停掉数据库,然后删除数据库目录下的所有数据库文件.
cd /data/mysql_data
rm -rf * # 删除数据目录里的所有文件
innobackupex-1.5.1 --user=root --apply-log /data/back_data/2010-10-26_16-09-37 # 应用日志
innobackupex-1.5.1 --user=root --copy-back /data/back_data/2010-10-26_16-09-37
默认innobackupex-1.5.1会将二进制日志信息存放在文件xtrabackup_binlog_info中发(方便做Slave)。
cd /data
chown -R mysql:mysql mysql_data/
重启mysql服务
2.打包(Tar)备份:
innobackupex-1.5.1 --user=root [--password=xxx] --stream=tar /data/back_data/2/ 2>/data/back_data/2.log 1>/data/back_data/2.tar
还原:
cd /data/back_data/2/
tar ixvf 2.tar
root@mablevi-desktop:/data/back_data/2# ls
2.tar backup-my.cnf ibdata1 ibdata2 mablevi mysql xtrabackup_binlog_info xtrabackup_checkpoints xtrabackup_logfile
准备还原
root@mablevi-desktop:~# innobackupex-1.5.1 --user=xxx [--password=xxx] --apply-log /data/back_data/
......
innobackupex: completed OK!
删除数据目录里的所有文件
rm -rf /data/mysql_data/*
拷贝:
root@mablevi-desktop:~# innobackupex-1.5.1 --user=xxx [--password=xxx] --copy-back /data/back_data/
......
innobackupex: completed OK!
cd /data
chown -R mysql:mysql mysql_data/
重启mysql服务
3. 压缩(tar gzip)备份
innobackupex-1.5.1 --user=root [--password=xxx] --stream=tar
/data/back_data/2/ 2>/data/back_data/2.log | gzip > /data/back_data/2.tar.gz
这里使用了管道|将innobackupex-1.5.1作为gzip的标准输入。恢复,只需要使用tar -izxvf 解压对应的文件后,操作完全同普通备份。
还原:
使用tar –izxvf 解压对应的文件后,操作完全同普通备份。
cd /data/back_data/2/
tar ixvf 2.tar
root@mablevi-desktop://data/back_data/2# ls
backup-my.cnf ibdata1 ibdata2 mablevi mysql xtrabackup_binlog_info xtrabackup_checkpoints xtrabackup_logfile
准备还原:
root@mablevi-desktop:~# innobackupex-1.5.1 --user=xxx [--password=xxx] --apply-log /data/back_data/2/
......
innobackupex: completed OK!
删除数据目录里的所有文件
rm -rf /data/mysql_data/*
root@mablevi-desktop:/data/back_data/2# innobackupex-1.5.1 --user=xxx [--password=xxx] --copy-back /data/back_data/2/
cd /data
chown -R mysql:mysql mysql_data/
重启mysql服务
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
xtrabackup 备份和恢复
备份:
xtrabackup --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --backup --target-dir=/data/back_data/
恢复:
需要执行两次xtrabackup --prepare
xtrabackup --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --prepare --target-dir=/data/back_data/
xtrabackup --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --prepare --target-dir=/data/back_data/
注意,xtrabackup只备份数据文件,并不备份数据表结构(.frm),所以使用xtrabackup恢复的时候,你必须有对应表结构文件(.frm)。
增量备份:
1. 全量备份
xtrabackup --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --backup --target-dir=/data/back_data/
2. 增量备份
xtrabackup --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --backup --target-dir=/data/back_data_inc/ --incremental-basedir=/data/back_data/
在增量备份的目录下,数据文件都是以.delta结尾的。增量备份只备份上一次全量备份后被修改过的page,所以增量备份只暂用较少的空间。
增量备份可以在增量备份的基础上增量。
增量备份恢复:
我们需要分别对全量、增量备份各做一次prepare操作。
xtrabackup --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --prepare --target-dir=/data/back_data/2010-10-26_16-09-37
xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir=/data/back_data/2010-10-26_16-09-37 --incremental-dir=/data/back_data_inc
xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir=/data/back_data/ #这一步不是必须的
这样,/data/back_data/下的数据文件就可以直接放到你的MySQL数据目录下,恢复数据了。
再次提醒,xtrabackup只备份InnoDB数据文件,表结构是不备份的,所以恢复的时候,你必须有对应表结构文件(.frm)。
rm -rf /data/mysql_data/ib*
cp -i /data/back_data/2010-10-26_16-09-37/ib* /data/mysql_data/
cd /data
chown -R mysql:mysql mysql_data/
2.innobackupex-1.5.1 与 xtrabackup 相结合
=======================================================================================
首先,innobackupex-1.5.1全备份:
innobackupex-1.5.1 --user=root /data/back_data/ 2>/data/back_data/1.log #会生成一个时间文件夹,这里假如是2010-10-29_15-57-44
然后,xtrabackup 做增量备份:
xtrabackup --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf --backup --target-dir=/data/back_data_inc/4 --incremental-basedir=/data/back_data/2010-10-29_15-57-44
恢复:
首先停掉数据库,备份二进制日志(如果有的话),然后删除数据库目录下的所有数据库文件.
cd /data/mysql_data
rm -rf * # 删除数据目录里的所有文件
恢复全量备份:
innobackupex-1.5.1 --user=root --apply-log /data/back_data/2010-10-29_15-57-44 # 应用日志
innobackupex-1.5.1 --user=root --copy-back /data/back_data/2010-10-29_15-57-44 # 拷贝文件
恢复增量备份:
xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir=/data/back_data/2010-10-29_15-57-44 --incremental-dir=/data/back_data_inc/5
cd /data
chown -R mysql:mysql mysql_data/
重启mysql服务。
bitsCN.com
ACID attributes include atomicity, consistency, isolation and durability, and are the cornerstone of database design. 1. Atomicity ensures that the transaction is either completely successful or completely failed. 2. Consistency ensures that the database remains consistent before and after a transaction. 3. Isolation ensures that transactions do not interfere with each other. 4. Persistence ensures that data is permanently saved after transaction submission.

MySQL is not only a database management system (DBMS) but also closely related to programming languages. 1) As a DBMS, MySQL is used to store, organize and retrieve data, and optimizing indexes can improve query performance. 2) Combining SQL with programming languages, embedded in Python, using ORM tools such as SQLAlchemy can simplify operations. 3) Performance optimization includes indexing, querying, caching, library and table division and transaction management.

MySQL uses SQL commands to manage data. 1. Basic commands include SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE. 2. Advanced usage involves JOIN, subquery and aggregate functions. 3. Common errors include syntax, logic and performance issues. 4. Optimization tips include using indexes, avoiding SELECT* and using LIMIT.

MySQL is an efficient relational database management system suitable for storing and managing data. Its advantages include high-performance queries, flexible transaction processing and rich data types. In practical applications, MySQL is often used in e-commerce platforms, social networks and content management systems, but attention should be paid to performance optimization, data security and scalability.

The relationship between SQL and MySQL is the relationship between standard languages and specific implementations. 1.SQL is a standard language used to manage and operate relational databases, allowing data addition, deletion, modification and query. 2.MySQL is a specific database management system that uses SQL as its operating language and provides efficient data storage and management.

InnoDB uses redologs and undologs to ensure data consistency and reliability. 1.redologs record data page modification to ensure crash recovery and transaction persistence. 2.undologs records the original data value and supports transaction rollback and MVCC.

Key metrics for EXPLAIN commands include type, key, rows, and Extra. 1) The type reflects the access type of the query. The higher the value, the higher the efficiency, such as const is better than ALL. 2) The key displays the index used, and NULL indicates no index. 3) rows estimates the number of scanned rows, affecting query performance. 4) Extra provides additional information, such as Usingfilesort prompts that it needs to be optimized.

Usingtemporary indicates that the need to create temporary tables in MySQL queries, which are commonly found in ORDERBY using DISTINCT, GROUPBY, or non-indexed columns. You can avoid the occurrence of indexes and rewrite queries and improve query performance. Specifically, when Usingtemporary appears in EXPLAIN output, it means that MySQL needs to create temporary tables to handle queries. This usually occurs when: 1) deduplication or grouping when using DISTINCT or GROUPBY; 2) sort when ORDERBY contains non-index columns; 3) use complex subquery or join operations. Optimization methods include: 1) ORDERBY and GROUPB


Hot AI Tools

Undresser.AI Undress
AI-powered app for creating realistic nude photos

AI Clothes Remover
Online AI tool for removing clothes from photos.

Undress AI Tool
Undress images for free

Clothoff.io
AI clothes remover

AI Hentai Generator
Generate AI Hentai for free.

Hot Article

Hot Tools

Atom editor mac version download
The most popular open source editor

MinGW - Minimalist GNU for Windows
This project is in the process of being migrated to osdn.net/projects/mingw, you can continue to follow us there. MinGW: A native Windows port of the GNU Compiler Collection (GCC), freely distributable import libraries and header files for building native Windows applications; includes extensions to the MSVC runtime to support C99 functionality. All MinGW software can run on 64-bit Windows platforms.

EditPlus Chinese cracked version
Small size, syntax highlighting, does not support code prompt function

Dreamweaver Mac version
Visual web development tools

Notepad++7.3.1
Easy-to-use and free code editor