Go language generics practice: exploring its true generics

Since its birth, the Go language has been criticized for not having generics. Generics are widely used in programming and can make code more flexible and reusable. Therefore, many developers have been looking forward to the introduction of generics into Go language. It was not until the release of Go 1.18 that the generic function was officially introduced, which also made the learning and development of Go language more flexible and diverse.

This article will discuss the practice of Go language generics and demonstrate its real generic performance through specific code examples, allowing readers to have a more intuitive and in-depth understanding of Go language generic functions.

What are generics?

Generics refers to creating code modules with multiple data types and structures for reuse in programming. In different programming languages, the implementation and characteristics of generics vary.

In the Go language, the introduction of generics allows developers to write more versatile code and is no longer limited to a specific data type. In this way, the reusability and readability of the code can be greatly improved.

Practice of Go language generics

Next, we will show the practical application of Go language generics through some specific code examples.

Example 1: Generic function

Let’s first look at a simple generic function example to sum the elements of any type of slice:

func Sum[T any](values ​​[]T) T {
    var sum T
    for _, value := range values ​​{
        sum = value
    }
    return sum
}

func main() {
    nums := []int{1, 2, 3, 4, 5}
    sum := Sum(nums)
    fmt.Println(sum) // Output: 15

    strings := []string{"hello", "world"}
    strSum := Sum(strings)
    fmt.Println(strSum) // Output: helloworld
}

In the above example, we defined a generic function Sum, which can perform sum operations on different types of slices. By using the [T any] syntax to declare a generic type, the function can accept slices of any type as parameters.

Example 2: Generic data structure

Let’s implement a simple generic stack data structure for storing any type of data:

type Stack[T any] struct {
    elements[]T
}

func (s *Stack[T]) Push(element T) {
    s.elements = append(s.elements, element)
}

func (s *Stack[T]) Pop() T {
    length := len(s.elements)
    if length == 0 {
        return nil
    }
    element := s.elements[length-1]
    s.elements = s.elements[:length-1]
    return element
}

func main() {
    intStack := Stack[int]{}
    intStack.Push(1)
    intStack.Push(2)
    fmt.Println(intStack.Pop()) // Output: 2

    strStack := Stack[string]{}
    strStack.Push("hello")
    strStack.Push("world")
    fmt.Println(strStack.Pop()) // Output: world
}

In the above example, we defined a generic stack data structure Stack, and implemented the stack by specifying the generic type [T any] Versatility. By defining the Push and Pop methods, different types of stacks can be operated.

Summary

Through the above examples, we can see the actual application scenarios of Go language generics and appreciate the convenience brought by generics. The introduction of generic functions makes the Go language more convenient when writing more versatile code, and also improves the readability and maintainability of the code.

Although the implementation of generics in Go language is different from other programming languages, its powerful functions and flexibility still bring a lot of convenience to developers. I believe that with the further improvement and development of Go language generics, more and richer generic code examples will appear, improving the overall programming experience of Go language.

Let us look forward to the future of Go language generics and work hard to write more flexible and efficient code!

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