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* 对子查询和Join进行了优化,包括对MyISAD和InnoB存储引擎分散范围内的批量索引访问。
* 增加了 BACKUP DATABASE 和 RESTORE 语句来进行备份和还原操作. 见第6.3节, “使用MySQL备份” 。
* 支持更多的Unicode字符集: utf16 , utf32 ,和4字节utf8 。 这些字符集支持这些附加的Unicode字符集,也就是那些在基础多语言基础之外的字符) 。
* 新Falcon事务存储引擎(见 13.8, “Falcon存储引擎” ) 。
* RESET SLAVE不再更改复制连接的参数; 以前,它重置他们到命令行指定的数值( 见第12.6.2.3 , “ RESET SLAVE语法” ) 。
* 改进INFORMATION_SCHEMA数据库,并增加了INFORMATION_SCHEMA.PARAMETERS 表,INFORMATION_SCHEMA.ROUTINES 增加了新列 (见第19.27 “的INFORMATION_SCHEMAPARAMETERS表” ,和 19.14 “ , INFORMATION_SCHEMA ROUTINES ROUTINES表” ) 。
* LOCK TABLES 语法已经扩展,支持不会自动事务提交的事务表锁。 在后面的 LOCK TABLES ... IN SHARE MODE 或者 LOCK TABLES ... IN EXCLUSIVE MODE 你可以使用未提及的表级锁,你也可以确保 LOCK TABLES 语句可以连续的得到多次的事务锁, 增加额外的表格到锁集合,而无需解锁以前已经锁住的表格。 当使用LOCK TABLES with IN SHARE MODE 或者在 EXCLUSIVE MODE ,表级锁在事务结束前不会解锁。使用LOCK TABLE获得的事务锁在事务结束时释放,包括显示的提交或者回滚,或者由于语句引起的隐式提交,或者由于链接关闭. 12.4.3, “引起隐式提交的语句” ,列出了那些会引起隐式提交的语句。LOCK TABLES的行为在 READ和WRITE锁时报出不变( 也就是当不使用 IN SHARE MODE 或者 IN EXCLUSIVE MODE ) 。
* 增强的XML功能,包括一个新的LOAD XML 语法(见第12.2.7 , “ LOAD XML语法” ) 。
* 支持扩展的注释,包括表,列和索引。下面的结构是过时的,已在MySQL 6.0中删除 。应用应该跟新,使用另一个方式来使用他们。
* table_type 系统变量 (用 storage_engine ).
* 表格的用来在CREATE TABEl或者 ALTER TABLE的 TYPE 参数(使用ENGINE ) 。
* SHOW TABLE TYPES 语法 (使用SHOW ENGINES ) 。
* The --master-xxx 指定复制的参数的服务器参数(使用 CHANGE MASTER TO statement 代替):
--master-host , --master-user , --master-password , --master-port , --master-connect-retry , --master-ssl , --master-ssl-ca , --master-ssl-capath , --master-ssl-cert , --master-ssl-cipher , --master-ssl-key
* The log_bin_trust_routine_creators 变量(使用 log_bin_trust_function_creators ) 。
* TIMESTAMP( N ) :来指定显示宽度为N(使用没有N的) 。
* SHOW INNODB STATUS 和 SHOW MUTEX STATUS 语法(使用SHOW ENGINE INNODB STATUS这两种) 。
* The LOAD TABLE ... FROM MASTER 和 LOAD DATA FROM MASTER 语法。
* SHOW PLUGIN 语法(使用SHOW PLUGINS ) 。
* BACKUP TABLE 和 RESTORE TABLE 语法
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The steps for upgrading MySQL database include: 1. Backup the database, 2. Stop the current MySQL service, 3. Install the new version of MySQL, 4. Start the new version of MySQL service, 5. Recover the database. Compatibility issues are required during the upgrade process, and advanced tools such as PerconaToolkit can be used for testing and optimization.

MySQL backup policies include logical backup, physical backup, incremental backup, replication-based backup, and cloud backup. 1. Logical backup uses mysqldump to export database structure and data, which is suitable for small databases and version migrations. 2. Physical backups are fast and comprehensive by copying data files, but require database consistency. 3. Incremental backup uses binary logging to record changes, which is suitable for large databases. 4. Replication-based backup reduces the impact on the production system by backing up from the server. 5. Cloud backups such as AmazonRDS provide automation solutions, but costs and control need to be considered. When selecting a policy, database size, downtime tolerance, recovery time, and recovery point goals should be considered.

MySQLclusteringenhancesdatabaserobustnessandscalabilitybydistributingdataacrossmultiplenodes.ItusestheNDBenginefordatareplicationandfaulttolerance,ensuringhighavailability.Setupinvolvesconfiguringmanagement,data,andSQLnodes,withcarefulmonitoringandpe

Optimizing database schema design in MySQL can improve performance through the following steps: 1. Index optimization: Create indexes on common query columns, balancing the overhead of query and inserting updates. 2. Table structure optimization: Reduce data redundancy through normalization or anti-normalization and improve access efficiency. 3. Data type selection: Use appropriate data types, such as INT instead of VARCHAR, to reduce storage space. 4. Partitioning and sub-table: For large data volumes, use partitioning and sub-table to disperse data to improve query and maintenance efficiency.

TooptimizeMySQLperformance,followthesesteps:1)Implementproperindexingtospeedupqueries,2)UseEXPLAINtoanalyzeandoptimizequeryperformance,3)Adjustserverconfigurationsettingslikeinnodb_buffer_pool_sizeandmax_connections,4)Usepartitioningforlargetablestoi

MySQL functions can be used for data processing and calculation. 1. Basic usage includes string processing, date calculation and mathematical operations. 2. Advanced usage involves combining multiple functions to implement complex operations. 3. Performance optimization requires avoiding the use of functions in the WHERE clause and using GROUPBY and temporary tables.

Efficient methods for batch inserting data in MySQL include: 1. Using INSERTINTO...VALUES syntax, 2. Using LOADDATAINFILE command, 3. Using transaction processing, 4. Adjust batch size, 5. Disable indexing, 6. Using INSERTIGNORE or INSERT...ONDUPLICATEKEYUPDATE, these methods can significantly improve database operation efficiency.

In MySQL, add fields using ALTERTABLEtable_nameADDCOLUMNnew_columnVARCHAR(255)AFTERexisting_column, delete fields using ALTERTABLEtable_nameDROPCOLUMNcolumn_to_drop. When adding fields, you need to specify a location to optimize query performance and data structure; before deleting fields, you need to confirm that the operation is irreversible; modifying table structure using online DDL, backup data, test environment, and low-load time periods is performance optimization and best practice.


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