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如果你正在运行使用MySQL的Web应用程序,那么你把密码或者其他敏感信息保存在应用程序里的机会就很大。保护这些数据免受黑客或者窥探者的获取 是一个令人关注的重要问题,因为您既不能让未经授权的人员使用或者破坏应用程序,同时还要保证您的竞争优势。幸运的是,MySQL带有很多设计用来提供这 种类型安全的加密函数。本文概述了其中的一些函数,并说明了如何使用它们,以及它们能够提供的不同级别的安全。
双向加密
就让我们从最简单的加密开始:双向加密。在这里,一段数据通过一个密钥被加密,只能够由知道这个密钥的人来解密。MySQL有两个函数来支持这种类型的加密,分别叫做ENCODE()和DECODE()。下面是一个简单的实例:
mysql> INSERT INTO users (username, password)
VALUES (joe, ENCODE(guessme, abracadabra));
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.14 sec)
其中,Joe的密码是guessme,它通过密钥abracadabra被加密。要注意的是,加密完的结果是一个二进制字符串,如下所示:
mysql> SELECT * FROM users WHERE username=joe;
+----------+----------+
| username | password |
+----------+----------+
| joe | ¡?i??!? |
+----------+----------+
1 row in set (0.02 sec)
abracadabra这个密钥对于恢复到原始的字符串至关重要。这个密钥必须被传递给DECODE()函数,以获得原始的、未加密的密码。下面就是它的使用方法:
mysql> SELECT DECODE(password, abracadabra)
FROM users WHERE username=joe;
+---------------------------------+
| DECODE(password, abracadabra) |
+---------------------------------+
| guessme |
+---------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
应该很容易就看到它在Web应用程序里是如何运行的——在验证用户登录的时候,DECODE()会用网站专用的密钥解开保存在数据库里的密码,并和用户输入的内容进行对比。假设您把PHP用作自己的脚本语言,那么可以像下面这样进行查询:
undefined undefined
$query = "SELECT COUNT(*) FROM users WHERE
username=$inputUser AND DECODE(password,
abracadabra) = $inputPass";?>
注意:虽然ENCODE()和DECODE()这两个函数能够满足大多数的要求,但是有的时候您希望使用强度更高的加密手段。在这种情况下,您可以使用AES_ENCRYPT()和AES_DECRYPT()函数,它们的工作方式是相同的,但是加密强度更高。

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No,youshouldnotusetherootuserinMySQLforyourproduct.Instead,createspecificuserswithlimitedprivilegestoenhancesecurityandperformance:1)Createanewuserwithastrongpassword,2)Grantonlynecessarypermissionstothisuser,3)Regularlyreviewandupdateuserpermissions

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