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使用MySQL进行数据库备份,有很正规的数据库备份方法,同其他的数据库服务器有相同的概念,但有没有想过,MySQL会有更简捷的使用文件目录的备份方法,而且又快有好。
一、数据备份捷径
因为这个方法没有得到官方正式文档的验证,我们暂称为试验吧。
目的:备份hostA主机中一个MySQL数据库TestA,并恢复到到hostB机中
试验环境:
操作系统:WinNT4.0,MySQL3.22.34,phpMyAdmin 2.1.0
在hostA中安装MySQL数据库并建立TestA数据库
hostB机安装MySQL数据库,没有TestA数据库
方法步骤:
启动phpMyAdmin察看HostA和HostB中的数据库列表,在HostB中没有TestA数据库
找到HostA中MySQL的安装目录,并找到数据库目录data
在我的试验环境中,这个目录是
C:MySQLdata
找到对应数据库名称的子目录
C:MySQLdataTestA
粘贴拷贝到HostB的Data目录下,是HostA同HostB MySQL数据目录下的文件相同
刷新HostB的phpMyAdmin察看一下数据库列表,我们看到TestA已经出现,并且作查询修改等操作都正常,备份恢复恢复成功
试验结论:MySQL的数据库可以通过文件形式保存,备份,恢复只要将相应文件目录恢复即可,无需使用其它工具备份。
二、正规的方法(官方建议):
导出要用到MySQL的MySQLdump工具,基本用法是:
MySQLdump [OPTIONS] database [tables]
如果你不给定任何表,整个数据库将被导出。
通过执行MySQLdump --help,你能得到你MySQLdump的版本支持的选项表。
注意,如果你运行MySQLdump没有--quick或--opt选项,MySQLdump将在导出结果前装载整个结果集到内存中,如果你正在导出一个大的数据库,这将可能是一个问题。
MySQLdump支持下列选项:
--add-locks
在每个表导出之前增加LOCK TABLES并且之后UNLOCK TABLE。(为了使得更快地插入到MySQL)。
--add-drop-table
在每个create语句之前增加一个drop table。
--allow-keywords
允许创建是关键词的列名字。这由在列名前面加表名的方法做到。
-c, --complete-insert
使用完整的insert语句(用列名字)。
-C, --compress
如果客户和服务器均支持压缩,压缩两者间所有的信息。
--delayed
用INSERT DELAYED命令插入行。
-e, --extended-insert
使用全新多行INSERT语法。(给出更紧缩并且更快的插入语句)
-#, --debug[=option_string]
跟踪程序的使用(为了调试)。
--help
显示一条帮助消息并且退出。
--fields-terminated-by=...
--fields-enclosed-by=...
--fields-optionally-enclosed-by=...
--fields-escaped-by=...
--fields-terminated-by=...

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